Pediatric Hand Injuries Requiring Closed Reduction at a Tertiary Pediatric Care Center

Background: Hand fractures and dislocations are common injuries in the pediatric population. This study aims to characterize the pediatric hand injuries that required closed reduction and identify those that required multiple reduction attempts. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in patients younger than 18 years of age with hand fractures or dislocations who underwent closed reduction in the emergency department (ED). Patients who ultimately required surgical reduction and fixation were not included. Results: Of the 310 hand injuries identified, 148 (114 fractures and 34 dislocations) underwent closed reduction in the ED; 7.4% of those required repeat reduction. Hand injuries that most often required repeat reduction included metacarpophalangeal joint dislocations (20.0%) and proximal phalanx neck (16.7%), metacarpal shaft (15.4%), metacarpal neck (6.2%), and proximal phalanx base (5.6%) fractures. No modifiable risk factors predicting the need for repeat reduction were identified. Conclusions: Some pediatric hand injuries are more likely to require repeat closed reduction by a hand surgeon. This retrospective study is the first step toward quality improvement as it provides opportunities for further research into the factors contributing to reductions that are unsuccessful at the first attempt. Identification of these factors and implementation of quality improvement measures are necessary to ensure the effective treatment of all pediatric hand injuries.     

Technique for Rapid Hand Transplant Donor Procurement Through the Elbow

Background: Hand and distal forearm allotransplantation has advanced over the last 20 years from experimental to a viable treatment option for bilateral upper extremity amputation. Despite widespread growth of this field, there are few technical reports that elaborate the details of donor arm procurement. This article details a technique for rapid donor procurement through the elbow for mid to distal forearm-level hand allograft procurement. Methods: Nine arm procurements were performed on deceased tissue-only donors provided by the local organ procurement organization, including two bilateral and five unilateral cases. Technique highlights include using a fishmouth incision through the lateral and medical epicondyles, identification of the neurovascular structures, and disarticulating the elbow joint. Results: Procuring through the elbow provides straightforward anatomy, bypasses the need to cut through bone, and allows tissue allotransplantation teams to achieve procurement, flushing, and packaging within 20 minutes. Conclusions: Procurement through the elbow is a simple procedure that streamlines the process for multi-organ donors by minimizing the time needed for hand allograft procurement. Team coordination and surgical rehearsals are essential for successful hand and upper extremity procurement and allotransplantation.     

Congenital Thumb-Index Web Space Deficiency

Background: There are several congenital hand differences that cause thumb-index (TI) web space deficiency. There is a knowledge gap in the literature about the hand differences that are associated with TI web space deficiency. We aimed to identify these congenital differences and the various specific reconstructive surgical procedures that are used for these conditions. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of children treated operatively over a period of 30 years for congenital TI web space deficiency by the senior author (G.M.R.). We gathered data on demographics and associated congenital hand differences and compiled a list of all surgical procedures performed for the web space and the ipsilateral upper extremity. Results: We included 71 patients (77 hands) with 12 congenital hand differences (62 developmental and 9 spastic). The total number of upper extremity operations, (ie), anesthetics performed for these patients was 186, averaging 2.6 settings and 7.5 procedures for each patient. Cutaneous reconstructive procedures included first dorsal metacarpal artery pedicle flaps (49 patients), 4-flap Z-plasties (15), and transposition flaps (13). In addition, 16 different thumb reconstructive procedures were necessary. Ten patients required revision of their TI web space procedures for recurrence. Conclusions: The prevalence of TI web space deficiency is underappreciated. These patients often have multiple musculoskeletal anomalies of the hand and upper extremity that should be ruled out and require surgical treatment to optimize hand function. Consideration should be given to performing more than one procedure in one setting when possible.     

PDCA循环在提高ICU医务人员手卫生依从性中的应用

目的 探讨PDCA循环管理工具在提高医务人员手卫生依从率中的应用。方法 应用PDCA循环管理工具,通过逐步开展现况调查、原因分析、对策拟定、对策实施、效果确认、标准化等程序对上海市某三甲专科医院ICU医务人员的手卫生依从率进行持续质量改进,观察PDCA实施前后的效果。结果 实施PDCA循环之后,ICU医生的手卫生依从率从实施前的42.3%提升到70.9%(χ2=28.3,P<0.001),护士从56.0%提升到75.6%(χ2=21.0,P<0.001),且差异均有统计学意义。结论 应用PDCA循环管理工具进行持续质量改进,可有效提高医务人员手卫生依从率。     

一种肌电控制假手的新型自适应增力机构

介绍一种用于肌电控制假手的新型自适应切换增力机构。对比现在国内外的各种假手增力机构，它不用超越离合器，因而更为简单、可靠、耐用。它不仅为广大的上肢残疾患者带来福音，也是康复器械上的一大革新     

Adductor pollicis. The missing interosseous

Summary This paper highlights the many similarities between the adductor pollicis and the palmar interossei. In particular it compares their anatomy, innervation and function. It suggests that adductor pollicis should be considered as the first palmar interosseous and that this view simplifies the teaching of hand anatomy and the tests of ulnar nerve function. Further support for the view that adductor pollicis is the thenar counterpart of the second, third and fourth palmar interossei is gained from studies of the literature on hand evolution, in particular published details of fossil records and dissection of primate hands.

---

L'adducteur du pouce : l'interrosseux perdu

Résumé Cet article souligne les nombreuses similitudes qui existent entre le m. adducteur du pouce et le m. premier inter-osseux palmaire. Il compare en particulier l'anatomie l'innervation et la fonction de ces muscles. Le m. adducteur du pouce semble bien devoir être considéré comme le m. premier inter-osseux palmaire et ce point de vue simplifie l'enseignement de l'anatomie de la main ainsi que l'évaluation de la fonction du nerf ulnaire. Des arguments supplémentaires en faveur de l'hypothèse d'un m. adducteur du pouce qui serait la contre-partie thénarienne des second, troisème et quatrième mm. inter-osseux palmaires proviennent de l'étude de la littérature concernant la phylogénèse de la main et en particulier des résultats d'études portant sur les fossiles et les dissections de mains de primates.

     

第一趾蹼皮瓣修复虎口挛缩

目的：探讨吻合血管的第一趾蹼皮瓣修复虎口挛缩的方法和疗效。方法：供区为第一趾蹼皮瓣,将皮瓣所携带的第一跖背动脉、大隐静及犀利腓深神经分别与受区桡动脉腕背支,头静脉及桡神经浅支吻合。结果：本组32例皮瓣全部成活,经1.0-3.5年随访,第一趾蹼游离皮瓣能满足保留虎口深度、展开度、良好感觉和美观外形的要求,临床效果较好。结论：第一趾蹼皮瓣与虎口皮肤组织结构伯厚薄及功用方面相似,是再造虎口的理想组织皮瓣。     

髂腹股沟皮瓣修复急诊手外伤46例报告

目的　应用髂腹股沟带蒂皮瓣修复急诊手外伤引起的手及前臂皮肤软组织缺损。方法　以股动脉搏动点与髂前上棘顶点的连线为轴心线 ,以旋髂浅动、静脉为皮瓣血管蒂 ,皮瓣面积 (6～ 2 5 )cm× (4～ 10 )cm。结果　 46例皮瓣全部成活 ,手及前臂外观较为满意。结论　髂腹股沟皮瓣是修复急诊手外伤引起的皮肤软组织缺损的有效方法之一。该手术操作简便 ,安全可靠 ,在基层医院尤为适用     

手掌部浅血管神经层与屈肌支持带关系的观测

目的：为腕管松解术及掌中间隙引流术提供解剖学基础。方法：１８例（男１２、女６）３６侧成人固定上肢标本上对手掌部屈肌支持带、正中神经、尺神经在胱掌部分支点和掌浅弓最高点与屈肌支撑带下缘的距离以及足动脉终末支与正中神经间距观察。结果：正中神经掌部分支点距屈肌支持下缘９±３ｍｍ。尺神经掌部分支点距屈肌支持带下缘５±２ｍｍ。正中神经于与尺动脉终末间距为１０±２ｍｍ。结论：在手掌部裳托肌腱与第三指蹼尺侧缘     

洁康手术消毒剂杀菌性能和毒性观察

目的　为了解洁康手术消毒剂的杀菌活性和使用安全性。方法　按照１９９７ 年卫生部“消毒技术规范”（ 试行） 版规定的方法,对其杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和手部自然菌进行了实验室和现场试验。结果　含醋酸氯己啶８０ｍｇ／Ｌ样液作用１ｍｉｎ,对悬液中大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的平均杀灭率达９９ ．９９ ％ ,作用３ｍｉｎ 均达１００ ％ 。样品原液作用３ｍｉｎ 对手指皮肤表面污染的大肠杆菌的平均灭除率为９９ ．９８ ％ ,对自然菌的平均灭除率为９８ ．２１ ％ ,且消毒后均达到《医院消毒卫生标准》中Ⅰ、Ⅱ类环境医护人员手细菌菌落总数卫生标准要求。样品经５４ ℃恒温存放１４天,醋酸氯己啶的降解率为２ ．５４ ％ ,毒性检测结果表明无毒、对皮肤无刺激。和碘伏外科洗手消毒比较结果表明,其外科洗手消毒效果优于碘伏。结论　在使用浓度和作用时间下,可有效杀灭细菌,且手部皮肤表面残留菌数达到医院Ⅰ、Ⅱ类环境医护人员手细菌总数卫生标准要求