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71.
We discuss the behavior of the refractive index of a typical epoxy-aromatic diamine system. Near 850 nm the index of refraction is found to be largely controlled by the density of the epoxy. Models are derived to describe its dependence on temperature and extent of cure. Within the range of temperatures studied, the refractive index decreases linearly with increasing temperature. In addition, as the epoxy is cured, the refractive index increases linearly with conversion to the gel point. From then on, shrinkage in the volume of the epoxy is restricted by local viscosity. Therefore the linear relationship between the refractive index and the extent of cure does not hold beyond the gel point. 相似文献
72.
The performance of a fiber-optic epoxy composite cure sensor, as previously proposed, depends on the optical properties and the reaction kinetics of the epoxy. The reaction kinetics of a typical epoxy system are presented. It is a third-order autocatalytic reaction with a peak observed in each isothermal reaction-rate curve. A model is derived to describe the performance characteristics of the epoxy cure sensor. If a composite coupon is cured at an isothermal temperature, the sensor signal can be used to predict the time when the gel point occurs and to monitor the cure process. The sensor is also shown to perform well in nonstoichiometric epoxy matrices. In addition the sensor can detect the end of the cure without calibration. 相似文献
73.
Lee Connie M. S. Fong Kenneth N. K. Mok Maggie M. Y. Lam M. K. Kung Y. Chan Paven P. W. Ma Maggie K. M. Lui S. L. Kwan Lorraine P. Y. Chu W. L. Hui P. C. Yau Christina S. F. Kwan Ivan W. L. Chan Kelsey Y. M. Chan T. M. 《Virtual Reality》2023,27(3):1571-1583
Virtual Reality - Cognitive impairment is not uncommon in patients with end-stage renal disease and can make it more difficult for these patients to carry out peritoneal dialysis (PD) on their own.... 相似文献
74.
Jeanne Volatron Florent Carn Jelena Kolosnjaj‐Tabi Yasir Javed Quoc Lam Vuong Yves Gossuin Christine Ménager Nathalie Luciani Gaëlle Charron Miryana Hémadi Damien Alloyeau Florence Gazeau 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(2)
Proteins implicated in iron homeostasis are assumed to be also involved in the cellular processing of iron oxide nanoparticles. In this work, the role of an endogenous iron storage protein—namely the ferritin—is examined in the remediation and biodegradation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Previous in vivo studies suggest the intracellular transfer of the iron ions released during the degradation of nanoparticles to endogenous protein cages within lysosomal compartments. Here, the capacity of ferritin cages to accommodate and store the degradation products of nanoparticles is investigated in vitro in the physiological acidic environment of the lysosomes. Moreover, it is questioned whether ferritin proteins can play an active role in the degradation of the nanoparticles. The magnetic, colloidal, and structural follow‐up of iron oxide nanoparticles and proteins in lysosome‐like medium confirms the efficient remediation of potentially harmful iron ions generated by nanoparticles within ferritins. The presence of ferritins, however, delays the degradation of particles due to a complex colloidal behavior of the mixture in acidic medium. This study exemplifies the important implications of intracellular proteins in processes of degradation and metabolization of iron oxide nanoparticles. 相似文献
75.
Analytical‐Based Methodologies for Examining the In Vitro Absorption,Distribution, Metabolism,and Elimination (ADME) of Silver Nanoparticles 下载免费PDF全文
Sesha L. A. Paluri John D. Ryan Nhi H. Lam Dhriti Nepal Ioana E. Sizemore 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(23)
The clinical applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) remain limited due to the lack of well‐established methodologies for studying their nanokinetics. Hereby, the primary goal is to adapt a suite of analytical‐based methodologies for examining the in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of AgNPs. Vero 76 and HEK 293 cells are exposed to ≈10‐nm spherical AgNPs+ and AgNPs? at relevant concentrations (0–300 µg mL?1) and times (4–48 h). Absorption: Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) demonstrates that the two AgNP formulations are not bioequivalent. For example, different bioavailabilities (C maximum < 20.7 ± 4% and 6.82 ± 0.4%), absorption times (T maximum > 48 and ≈24 h), and absorption rate laws (first‐ and zeroth‐order at 300 µg mL?1) are determined in Vero 76 for AgNPs+ and AgNPs?, respectively. Distribution: Raman and CytoViva hyperspectral imaging show different cellular localizations for AgNPs+ and AgNPs?. Metabolism: Cloud point extraction (CPE)‐tangential flow filtration (TFF) reveal that ≤ 11% ± 4% of the administered, sublethal AgNPs release Ag+ and contribute to the observed cytotoxicity. Elimination: ICP‐OES‐CPE suggests that AgNPs are cleared via exocytosis. 相似文献
76.
Seungo Gim Illhwan Lee Jae Yong Park Jong‐Lam Lee 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(23)
A flexible hazy substrate (FHS) with embedded air bubbles to increase light extraction efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is reported. In order to embed the air bubbles in the flexible substrate, micropatterned substrates are fabricated by plasma treatment, and then coated with a planarization layer. During the planarization layer coating, air bubbles are trapped between the substrate and the planarization layer. The haze of the FHS can be controlled from 1.7% to 68.4% by changing the size of micropatterns by adjusting the plasma treatment time. The FHS shows average haze of 68.4%, average total transmittance of 90.3%, and extremely flat surface with average roughness (R a) of 1.2 nm. Rigorous coupled‐wave analysis and finite‐difference time‐domain simulations are conducted to demonstrate that the air bubbles in the substrate can effectively extract photons that are trapped in the substrate. The FHS increases the power efficiency of OLEDs by 22% and further increases by 91% combined with an external extraction layer. Moreover, the FHS has excellent mechanical flexibility. No defect has been observed after 10 000 bending cycles at bending radius of 4 mm. 相似文献
77.
Bruno H. G. Barbosa Lam T. Bui Hussein A. Abbass Luis A. Aguirre Ant?nio P. Braga 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2011,15(9):1735-1747
This paper presents two new approaches for constructing an ensemble of neural networks (NN) using coevolution and the artificial
immune system (AIS). These approaches are extensions of the CLONal Selection Algorithm for building ENSembles (CLONENS) algorithm.
An explicit diversity promotion technique was added to CLONENS and a novel coevolutionary approach to build neural ensembles
is introduced, whereby two populations representing the gates and the individual NN are coevolved. The former population is
responsible for defining the ensemble size and selecting the members of the ensemble. This population is evolved using the
differential evolution algorithm. The latter population supplies the best individuals for building the ensemble, which is
evolved by AIS. Results show that it is possible to automatically define the ensemble size being also possible to find smaller
ensembles with good generalization performance on the tested benchmark regression problems. More interestingly, the use of
the diversity measure during the evolutionary process did not necessarily improve generalization. In this case, diverse ensembles
may be found using only implicit diversity promotion techniques. 相似文献
78.
Vikram Venkatadri Venkatesh Arasanipalai Raghavan Varun Kesavakumaran Sarah S. Lam Krishnaswami Srihari 《Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory》2011,19(7):1544-1557
Cardiac catheterization is one of the critical procedures in patient care. It is pertinent for all process related issues in this department to be handled with due priority. This research is a cross-functional effort with a leading hospital that was in its planning stage to implement an overall process improvement at its cardiac catheterization lab department. It has been determined that significant process delays exist in this department. One of the identified key factors to process improvement was to reduce patient turnaround time. Process mapping was used to study the system and identify potential sources of delays in the system. A set of qualitative recommendations were put forward. These recommendations, include the reduction of wait time of outpatients and inpatients and the reduction of non-value-added times such as transfer time of patients, were evaluated using a discrete event simulation approach. The simulation study shows that the daily operating hours at the catheterization lab could be reduced, aiding to reallocate staff for discharging other duties, as the hospital may require. 相似文献
79.
80.
This study investigated the effectiveness, in terms of the attainment of relevant learning outcomes, of the types of learning promoted by educational features commonly incorporated in course management systems. Twenty-one courses with significant use of the Internet, but with face-to-face teaching as the predominant instructional mode, were investigated. Five hundred and ninety-five students taking these 21 courses completed a questionnaire which gave feedback on the extent of use of and quality of implementation of internet features, as well as their perception of the attainment of outcomes relating to approaches to learning, communication skills and understanding of content. A confirmatory factor analysis of scales pertinent to information presentation and constructive dialogue features showed a very poor fit to the data, indicating that the two types of function did not act in concert. Structural equation modelling was used to test instructional models in presage–process–product format for ‘information’ and ‘dialogue’ features. The information one showed a marginal fit to the data, but the dialogue one a very good fit. This shows that using the Internet for presenting information in a blended environment does not seem to effectively help students achieve learning outcomes. Using features which promote constructive dialogue and interactive learning activities encourages a deep approach to learning, the development of communication skills and enhanced understanding of content. 相似文献