甘蓝型油菜杂种优势利用的途径及展望

阐述了甘蓝型油菜杂种优势利用的几种途径CMS、GMS、自交不亲和、化学杀雄等,分别介绍了几种类型的特点及应用。展望了CMS、GMS和化学杀雄是今后油菜杂种优势利用的主要途径。     

Studies shown gene present and absent complementation may contribute to the heterosis of maize

<正>Partly funded by NSFC,a group of researchers in China Agricultural University and BGI in China,together with international collaborators from Iowa State University,University of Minnesota and University of Copenhagen completed studies on a whole genome map of single nueleotide polymorphism,insertion/ deletion variation and the gene content variation among elite maize lines in China.The results,published online in Nature Genetics,provide a valuable resource for genetic studies and molecular breeding of this important crop.     

水曲柳杂交品系生长量和适应性研究

对黑龙江省青山林场1974年种植的水曲柳杂交品系的生长量和适应性进行了调查分析,结果表明:K×G杂交组合在生长、适应性、小区产量等方面表现出显著的优势;正反交结果存在显著性差异;水曲柳杂交品种间存在显著差异;早期的生长状况对选择和造林起参考作用.     

桑树多倍体杂交组合的选育研究

根据植物多倍体具有繁茂性、硕大性、适应力强、生物产量高、叶片及果实营养含量较高等表现的普遍规律和生物杂种优势的原理，我们在人工创造桑树四倍体种质资源728份的基础上，测试评价桑树四倍体种质的产叶性能、桑叶品质、孕性与结实性、种子发芽率等经济性状和生育性能，开展桑树多倍体杂交组合选育研究。     

春小麦主要农艺性状杂种优势与配合力研究

用选定的8个春小麦亲本进行4×4不完全双列杂交,对所得的F1代的9个农艺性状的杂种优势进行分析。结果表明,主穗小穗数、单株平均穗粒数和千粒重都具有一定的正向超亲优势,且千粒重的中亲优势和超亲优势都达到最高;其余性状出现正向超亲优势的组合较少,且各组合间的差异比较显著。配合力分析表明,主穗粒数和单株平均穗粒数在组合间不存在真实的遗传差异;主穗长度在杂交组合间的表现差异是加性基因和非加性基因共同作用的结果;株高、有效穗数、单株总粒数和单株粒重是由非加性基因决定的;父本组对株高和主穗小穗数的影响较大,母本组对千粒重的影响较大。     

轮回杂交中杂种优势大小的变化规律

本文以递推方程及其通解的形式分别给出了二品种和三品种轮回杂交子代的平均杂合度或杂种优势大小的变化规律,比较了各杂交方式的杂种优势分量的大小,为杂种优势利用的杂交方式选择提供了理论参考     

香菇的正反双单杂交育种

选用香菇的杂交菌株农１（Ｎ１）与野生株（Ｑ）孢子单核体及其自交后代进行正反双单杂交,以拮抗试验辅以液体出菇试验进行鉴定,得到６个杂交后代,选用１号与４号菌株进行栽培,它们都长出了正常的子实体,栽培结果表明：１号菌株产量明显高于４号菌株、Ｑ及Ｎ１,其生物转化率为１３４３％,产量优势为２４７４％,其杂种优势十分显著,同时也表明以Ｑ的孢子单核自交后代同Ｎ１正交（ＱＱ×Ｎｍ）育种优越于以Ｎ１的孢子单核体自交后代同Ｑ（ＮＮ×Ｑｍ）的反交育种     

冀东地区小麦冬春杂种F_1性状优势研究

利用冀东地区推广的春麦和冬麦品种,人工去雄组配成不同的杂交组合。两年的试验研究表明,冬春麦杂种Ｆ１在秋播条件下,冬性表现为部分显性;春播时,春性为显性。在杂种Ｆ１中,穗粒重优势最大,千粒重次之,再次为穗粒数。穗长、小穗数优势不太明显。讨论了利用冬麦和春麦杂交种的可能性及制种模式。     

棉花花粉人工萌发及授粉液在杂交制种中的应用

研究了诱导棉花花粉人工萌发培养基中蔗糖,琼脂的最适浓度。发现在无机盐基液的固体培养基中,４５％蔗糖浓度和０．８ｇ／Ｌ琼脂是诱导棉花花粉人工萌发的最适浓度。硼和ＧＡ３对棉花花粉的人工萌发有促进作用,此外还对棉花杂交授粉液及其在杂交制种中的应用进行了探索。     

Cloning and expression profiles of 15 genes encoding WRKY transcription factor in wheat （Triticum aestivem L.）

WRKY proteins are involved in various physiological processes, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, hormone responses and development. However, no systematic identification, expression and function analysis of WRKY genes in wheat were reported. In this study, we isolated 15 wheat cDNAs with complete open reading frame （ORF） encoding putative WRKY proteins using in silico cloning. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 wheat WRKY genes belonged to three major WRKY groups. Expression analysis revealed that most genes expressed drastically in leaf, except Ta WRKYIO which expressed in crown intensively. Four genes were strongly up-regulated with the senescence of leaves. Eight genes were responsive to low temperature, high temperature, NaCl or PEG treatment. Moreover, differential expression patterns were also observed between wheat hybrid and its parents, and some genes were more responsive to PEG treatment in the hybrid. These results demonstrated that wheat WRKY genes are involved in leaf senescing and abiotic stresses. And the changed expression of these WRKY genes in hybrid might contribute to the heterosis by improving the stress tolerance in hybrids.