陕西省气象短信产品优化分析与短信编辑

利用DMT探测平台对2009年3月11日山西一次云降水过程实施了综合探测,分析了此次云降水过程的宏微观物理特征。计算了云中过冷水含量距O℃层高度的垂直分布及其特征,并根据云雨粒子探测情况研究YAI降雨的可播度指标。     

青藏高原及其下游地区降水厚度季、日变化的气候特征分析

利用10年的TRMM卫星降水雷达观测资料, 首次对青藏高原及其下游平原及海洋地区降水厚度的地区差异进行了对比分析, 并对青藏高原及其周边地区对流和层云降水厚度的水平分布及其日变化和季节变化进行了统计分析, 结果表明: (1) 青藏高原地区对流和层云降水厚度都要比下游平原地区更为浅薄, 东部海洋地区对流降水厚度比平原地区小, 而层云降水厚度与平原地区相当。青藏高原及其下游平原地区对流降水厚度的日变化特征非常明显, 海洋地区对流降水厚度日夜差异则不大。层云降水厚度在各地区的日变化特征都不明显。青藏高原、下游平原及海洋地区对流和层云降水厚度的季节变化都非常明显, 从冬至夏, 对流和层云降水逐渐变得深厚, 而从夏入冬, 对流和层云降水则逐渐变得浅薄。(2) 青藏高原及其周边地区对流和层云平均降水厚度的分布形式和降水量分布具有较好的对应关系, 降水量大的地区其降水厚度一般较为深厚, 降水少的地区则降水厚度比较浅薄。对流和层云降水厚度存在明显差异, 对流降水一般要比层云降水深厚。青藏高原及其周边地区降水厚度水平分布的日夜差距不大, 但季节变化非常明显, 且与气候系统的季节变化紧密相关。     

层状云降水过程中的风廓线特征

利用唐山风廓线雷达资料,结合天气雷达资料,分析了2009年2月12日的稳定性降水天气过程。分析表明,风廓线雷达能很好地观测到稳定性降水过程中冷、暖切变的小扰动和急流的下传过程,这些小扰动和急流的下传加强、维持了降水;垂直切变的加大、强下沉气流的着地,预示着降水即将开始;低层偏北风的侵入、强下沉气流的消失预示降水将结束。     

Diurnal Variability of Precipitation Depth Over the Tibetan Plateau and its Surrounding Regions

The diurnal variability of precipitation depth over the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions is investigated using nine years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) precipitation radar(PR) measurements.The Tibetan Plateau,the plains area,and the East China Sea are selected as the focus regions in this study.The average precipitation depths(PD) are about 4.6 km,5.8 km,and 5.6 km,while convective(stratiform) PDs are about 6.6(4.5) km,7.5(5.7) km,and 6.0(5.6) km over the plateau,the plains,and the...     

宁夏层状云降水指标分析

为更好地确定人工增雨作业的最佳(时段)方案,利用2004—2006年4—9月全区25个气象站观测到的层状云、(银川、固原)新一代天气雷达(CINRAD/CD)观测资料,结合天气形势、降水实况进行综合分析。结果表明:宁夏在"东高西低"和"西风气流"天气型下稳定性层状云降水概率为65%;中部干旱带层状云降水最大概率74%～85%;同时得出层状云降水指标,为宁夏人工增雨作业提供科学依据。     

2003年春季陕西省层状云降水的雨滴谱特征

文章给出了陕西省春季（2003年）层状云降水雨滴谱部分特征,这些特征与降水天气系统密切相关。降水产生于混合云,各层系统配置适当,有较厚冷层云和相接的暖层云,雨滴数浓度大可达10³m^-3,雨滴谱较宽可达0.32 cm。反之数浓度较小(10²m^-3,谱较窄（0.22 cm）。其中直径0.1 cm以下雨滴谱约占总浓度的80%以上,而对雨强的贡献小于20%。0.1～0.2 cm雨滴是雨强的主要分量,它平均占48%～77%。雨滴谱多数呈非单调下降分布,三参数分布n（D_i）=n₀D^αe^-λD明显优于指数分布n（D_i）=n₀e^-λD。     

云滴数浓度影响混合型层状云降水的数值模拟

使用耦合了Morrison双参数微物理方案的中尺度WRF模式V2．2,对2008年1月25-29日发生在我国南方的冰雪天气过程进行了数值试验。在模式准确再现了此次天气过程形势演变特点的基础上,对模式微物理方案中云滴数浓度影响累积降水量的情况进行了敏感性试验,发现云滴数浓度对降水量的影响是复杂和非线性的。对此次天气过程中的微物理量进行了详细的分析,并从各种水成物粒子的发展演变上,讨论了云滴数浓度的增加在暖云和冷云两种降水机制上对降水产生的不同影响。结果表明,云滴数浓度越大,云水混合比就越大,云滴的尺度越小。雨滴对不同云滴数浓度的响应与云滴的情况相反,随着云滴数浓度的增加,雨滴数浓度减小,雨水也减少,暖云降水过程受到了抑制;冰晶和雪晶的数浓度的演变过程没有明显变化,而冰晶和雪晶的混合比是相应增加的,冷云降水过程得到了一定程度的增强。从本文模拟的个例来看,设置不同云滴数浓度所得到的总累计降水量的差异在1％以内。总的来说,增加云滴数浓度,降水量会减少。从比例上来看,增加云滴数浓度对暖云降水过程的抑制作用比对冷云降水过程的增强作用更为显著,但是在本文模拟的个例中,冷云降水过程占主导地位,减少的降水和增加的降水的绝对值在同一个量级上并且数值相近,它们相互抵消后得到的结果是降水量变化的绝对值大大减小了,这解释了增加云滴数浓度后模拟的总累积降水量变化不明显的原因。     

An Investigation into the Relationship between Surface Rain Rate and Rain Depth over Southeast Asia

The relationship between surface rain rate and depth of rain system(rain depth) over Southeast Asia is examined using 10-yr Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) precipitation radar(PR) measurements.Results show that,in general,a large surface rain rate is associated with a deep precipitating system,but a deep rain system may not always correspond with a large surface rain rate.This feature has a regional characteristic.Convective rain develops more frequently over land than over the ocean,while stratiform rain can extend to higher altitudes over the ocean than over land.A light surface rain rate has the largest probability to occur,regardless of rain depth.A convective rain system is more likely associated with a stronger surface rain rate than a stratiform rain system.Results show that precipitation systems involve complex microphysical processes.Rain depth is just one characteristic of precipitation.A linear relationship between surface rain rate and rain depth does not exist.Both deep convective and stratiform rain systems have reflectivity profiles that can be divided into three sections.The main difference in their profiles is at higher levels,from 4.5 km up to 19 km.For shallow stratiform rain systems,a two-section reflectivity profile mainly exists,while for convective systems a three-section profile is more common.     

云顶参数与降水间关系的统计分析和数值模拟

利用FY2C静止卫星云顶物理参数及地面加密雨量观测等,结合MM5中尺度非静力数值预报模式,综合分析了典型层状云降水过程的云系演变和结构特征,揭示了云顶参数与单站雨强之间并不是简单的量化统计关系：即降水大,每小时降水量与云顶高度、有效粒子半径是较好的正相关,与云顶温度是较好的负相关;反之则不尽然,云顶高度高、云顶温度低、有效粒子半径大却不一定降水大。并用模拟结果分析解释了形成这种现象的机理。     

Ore Genesis for Stratiform Ore Bodies of the Dongfengnanshan Copper Polymetallic Deposit in the Yanbian Area, NE China：Constraints from LA-ICP-MS in situ Trace Elements and Sulfide S–Pb Isotopes

The Dongfengnanshan Cu polymetallic deposit is one representative deposit of the Tianbaoshan ore district in the Yanbian area, northeast(NE) China. There occur two types of ore bodies in this deposit, the stratiform ore bodies and veintype ones, controlled by the Early Permian strata and the Late Hercynian diorite intrusion, respectively. Due to the ambiguous genetic type of the stratiform ore bodies, there has been controversy on the relationship between them and veintype ore bodies. To determine the genetic type of stratiform ore bodies, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) in situ trace elements and S–Pb isotope analysis have been carried on the sulfides in the stratiform ore bodies. Compared with that in skarn, Mississippi Valley-type(MVT), and epithermal deposits, sphalerite samples in the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit are significantly enriched in Fe, Mn, and In, while depleted in Ga, Ge, and Cd, which is similar to the sphalerite in volcanic-associated massive sulfide(VMS) deposits. Co/Ni ratio of pyrrhotites in the stratiform ore bodies is similar to that in VMS-type deposits. The concentrations of Zn and Cd of chalcopyrites are similar to those of recrystallized VMS-type deposits. These characteristics also reflect the intermediate ore-forming temperature of the stratiform ore bodies in this deposit. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides are similar to those of VMS-type deposits, reflecting that sulfur originated from the Permian Miaoling Formation. Lead isotope compositions indicate mixed-source for lead. Moreover, the comparison of the Dongfengnanshan stratiform ore bodies with some VMStype deposits in China and abroad, on the trace elements and S–Pb isotope characteristics of the sulfides reveals that the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit belong to the VMS-type, and have closely genetic relationship with the early Permian marine volcanic sedimentary rocks.