Deformed metals – structure,recrystallisation and strength

Abstract

It is shown how new discoveries and advanced experimental techniques in the last 25 years have led to paradigm shifts in the analysis of deformation and annealing structures of metals and in the way the strength of deformed samples is related to structural parameters. This is described in three sections: structural evolution by grain subdivision, recovery and recrystallisation and strength–structure relationships.     

钻井过程中岩屑运移模型研究进展

随着斜井和水平井数量的不断增加，井眼清洁已成为钻井的关键技术和难题之一。在过去的60多年里，人们对钻井过程中的岩屑运移问题进行了大量的实验和理论研究，对这一课题有了较多的认识，建立了一些模型，为实际钻井过程中水力参数设计提供了有效的依据。本文对描述岩屑运移规律的经验模型和分层理论模型进行了系统的总结，并专门对泡沫携岩模型进行了总结，在此基础上对岩屑运移模型的发展进行展望，最后给出了研究建议，为今后深入开展岩屑运移研究提供参考。     

Review of adaptation mechanisms for data-driven soft sensors

In this article, we review and discuss algorithms for adaptive data-driven soft sensing. In order to be able to provide a comprehensive overview of the adaptation techniques, adaptive soft sensing methods are reviewed from the perspective of machine learning theory for adaptive learning systems. In particular, the concept drift theory is exploited to classify the algorithms into three different types, which are: (i) moving windows techniques; (ii) recursive adaptation techniques; and (iii) ensemble-based methods. The most significant algorithms are described in some detail and critically reviewed in this work. We also provide a comprehensive list of publications where adaptive soft sensors were proposed and applied to practical problems. Furthermore in order to enable the comparison of different methods to standard soft sensor applications, a list of publicly available data sets for the development of data-driven soft sensors is presented.     

Strength and conflicting valence in the measurement of food attitudes and preferences

There is a trend in current attitude research to move away from a simple uni-dimensional view of attitude, towards examining a more multivariate concept of attitude. An extensive array of attitudinal properties or dimensions has been provided, defined and categorised as ‘attitude strength’. Attitude strength has only recently been adapted as a conceptual framework for research in marketing and consumer studies. Our objective in this paper is to introduce some of the attitude strength concepts and literature in order to improve the measure and understanding of research dealing with measurement of food preferences, perceived food quality and satisfaction with food products, food suppliers, etc. The paper takes a particular focus upon problems in comprehending the middlemost choice or neutrality when measuring attitude items along a traditional bipolar semantic differential or a bipolar hedonic preference scale. Through several propositions, we have outlined how future research should note that both attitude ambivalence (mixed feelings) and non-attitude (lack of confidence in evaluation) could be threats to comprehending the middlemost response alternative on a questionnaire as neutral when measuring food attitudes or preferences in the traditional way. Our approach should also deal with some of the shortcomings of analysing attitude–behaviour consistency when modelling food consumption behaviour.     

A review of thin-film crystalline silicon for solar cell applications. Part 2: Foreign substrates

One of the most promising ways to reduce the cost of photovoltaics is thin-film crystalline silicon solar cells. This paper, together with part 1, reviews the current state of research in thin-film crystalline silicon solar cells. Deposition on silicon, novel techniques which use a high-quality, reusable silicon substrate and light trapping have been described in part 1 of this paper. This paper describes deposition on glass and ceramics and discusses cell designs for thin-film crystalline silicon solar cells.     

Progress of electrochemical capacitor electrode materials: A review

The electrode is the key part of the electrochemical capacitors (ECs), so the electrode materials are the most important factors to determine the properties of ECs. In this paper, the storage principles and characteristics of electrode materials, including carbon-based materials, transition metal oxides and conductive polymers for ECs are depicted briefly. Among them, more work has been done using microporous carbons than with the other materials and most of the commercially available devices use carbon electrodes and organic electrolytes. But the composites of pseudocapacitive and carbonaceous materials are promising electrode materials for ECs because of their good electrical conductivity, low cost and high mass density.     

Review of study on solid particle solar receivers

The solid particle solar receiver (SPSR) is a direct absorption central receiver that uses solid particles enclosed in a cavity to absorb concentrated solar radiation. The SPSR is a candidate for applications of solar energy in a thermo-chemical water-splitting process to produce hydrogen. This paper presents a review of the study on SPSRs, including the idea originality, design concepts, advantages and disadvantages, the solid particle identification, a conceptual design in Sandia National Laboratories and detailed studies performed on this design. The geometry, particle size, calculating domain selection, the wind effect, the aerowindow and other factors which influence the cavity efficiency have been studied and the results are presented.     

Supercritical wood impregnation

The use of supercritical fluids for delivering biocides into wood and wood composites is an attractive technique because of the high penetration capacity of these solvents compared to the liquids used in conventional treatment methods. During the past two decades supercritical wood impregnation has moved from lab scale to commercial scale.This review presents an overview of the main research efforts that has been carried out within the field of supercritical wood impregnation. Results and conclusions of research within four main categories, i.e. (1) effects of impregnation on physical properties of samples, (2) retention and distribution of biocide in impregnated samples, (3) biological performance of impregnated samples, and (4) mathematical modeling of supercritical impregnation are reviewed and discussed.     

高光谱遥感油气勘探进展

遥感方法用于油气勘探已有多年的历史。随着高光谱遥感技术的发展,高光谱遥感油气勘探近年来取得了很大的进展。简要介绍了高光谱油气勘探的基本原理和流程,重点讨论了烃渗漏引起地表烃异常、岩石矿物蚀变异常以及植被异常的高光谱响应机制,以及目前研究中存在的问题。归纳总结了目前用于油气勘探的高光谱影像数据类型及特点。高光谱遥感方法用于油气勘探,在高光谱异常响应机制、数据来源以及数据处理和分析方面还有许多问题有待解决,针对这些问题,提出了相应的解决思路。     

基于微粒群优化算法的计划评审技术改进

摘要 针对项目进度管理中常用的计划评审技术（PERT）缺乏方向性指示和定量标准化的不足,通过引入微粒群优化算法（PSO）,提出了一种基于PSO对PERT的改进方法。该方法利用PERT对项目工序时间确定的方法,结合标准PSO算法的思想及原理,对传统PERT进行了改进。仿真实验结果表明,改进后的PERT对项目的过程和整体给出了一个更为优化、更为准确的定量控制标准,比传统的PERT对整个项目过程的控制和调节能力更加突出和有效。