'EUROPART'. Airborne particles in the indoor environment. A European interdisciplinary review of scientific evidence on associations between exposure to particles in buildings and health effects

The relevance of particle mass, surface area or number concentration as risk indicators for health effects in non-industrial buildings has been assessed by a European interdisciplinary group of researchers (called EUROPART) by reviewing papers identified in Medline, Toxline, and OSH. Studies dealing with dermal effects or cancer or specifically addressing environmental tobacco smoke, house dust-mite, cockroach or animal allergens, microorganisms and pesticides were excluded. A total of 70 papers were reviewed, and eight were identified for the final review: Five experimental studies involving mainly healthy subjects, two cross-sectional office studies and one longitudinal study among elderly on cardiovascular effects. From most studies, no definite conclusions could be drawn. Overall, the group concluded that there is inadequate scientific evidence that airborne, indoor particulate mass or number concentrations can be used as generally applicable risk indicators of health effects in non-industrial buildings and consequently that there is inadequate scientific evidence for establishing limit values or guidelines for particulate mass or number concentrations.     

南京城市空间发展的战略检讨与建议

战略检讨是城市战略规划实施的重要组成部分,其有利于城市政府发现问题、修正战略,进而应对迅速变化的发展挑战.通过对都市圈、市域、都市区、主城四个不同空间层面进行战略检讨可知,南京城市空间发展存在中心城市组织核心功能亟待加强、市域发展落差较大、发展次序与重点不够清晰等问题.未来南京的空间发展应坚持"多中心、开敞式"组团轴线空间拓展模式,推进"双快"导向的都市区空间结构快速生成,强化生态安全导向的结构性绿色空间的构建,紧紧围绕"东进、南延"的战略方向,实现跨出主城走向区域的战略性空间增长.     

和谐发展,创舒适宜人的人居环境——风景园林（景观）设计与地产开发

风景园林(景观)规划设计的目的是要创造一个舒适、愉悦、宜人的人居环境。通过对风景园林(景观)设计的目的、风景园林(景观)设计的风格、风景园林(景观)设计要考虑的功能因素、风景园林(景观)与建筑的关系、风景园林(景观)设计的创新、创新的方法、中国与外国风景园林(景观)设计的差异等问题的论述,探讨了风景园林(景观)设计在地产开发中提倡在早期规划阶段介入的重要性,回顾一个国际性的风景园林(景观)设计团队用“国际化的经验、地域化的实践”探索植根于基地特质的风景园林(景观)实践的相关经验和体会。     

清华大学“景观规划设计”硕士研究生设计课程评述

对清华大学“景观规划设计”硕士研究生课程的主要内容和特点进行了综合评述。针对以Studio为核心的教学模式,介绍了三个系列Studio的课程内容,对设计课的课程设置、师资力量、课程选题和组织方式等方面的特点进行了重点阐述。     

Removal mechanisms for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in wastewater treatment - physical means, biodegradation, and chemical advanced oxidation: a review

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are pollutants with estrogenic or androgenic activity at very low concentrations and are emerging as a major concern for water quality. Within the past few decades, more and more target chemicals were monitored as the source of estrogenic or androgenic activity in wastewater, and great endeavors have been done on the removal of EDCs in wastewater. This article reviewed removal of EDCs from three aspects, that is, physical means, biodegradation, and chemical advanced oxidation (CAO).     

美国三座城市的设计审查制度比较研究——波特兰、西雅图、旧金山

设计审查制度是美国城市开发控制体系中针对城市形态、环境质量等城市设计问题的控制政策。设计审查以区划法为法律平台，以设计导则为评判依据。本文以波特兰、西雅图，旧金山三座城市的设计审查制度为例，对三座城市的设计审查制度的程序、参与人员、决策过程、审查标准等方面的基本情况进行了比较研究。     

Dampness in buildings and health. Nordic interdisciplinary review of the scientific evidence on associations between exposure to "dampness" in buildings and health effects (NORDDAMP)

Several epidemiological investigations concerning indoor environments have indicated that "dampness" in buildings is associated to health effects such as respiratory symptoms, asthma and allergy. The aim of the present interdisciplinary review is to evaluate this association as shown in the epidemiological literature. A literature search identified 590 peer-reviewed articles of which 61 have been the foundation for this review. The review shows that "dampness" in buildings appears to increase the risk for health effects in the airways, such as cough, wheeze and asthma. Relative risks are in the range of OR 1.4-2.2. There also seems to be an association between "dampness" and other symptoms such as tiredness, headache and airways infections. It is concluded that the evidence for a causal association between "dampness" and health effects is strong. However, the mechanisms are unknown. Several definitions of dampness have been used in the studies, but all seems to be associated with health problems. Sensitisation to mites may be one but obviously not the only mechanism. Even if the mechanisms are unknown, there is sufficient evidence to take preventive measures against dampness in buildings.     

都市营造--2002上海双年展国际学生展评述

以“都市营造”为主题的2002上海双年展是一次艺术家和建筑师的盛会。而国际学生展作为本次双年展的三个组成部分之一,吸引了来自世界各地的建筑、艺术等专业学生的热情参与。一共有12所国内院校、9所国外院校的149件作品参加最后的展出。参展作品以多维的观察视角、多样的艺术形式表达了建筑界、艺术界的年轻学子们对都市空间的阅读、对都市生活的审视以及对未来都市的梦想。这些作品也许尚嫌幼稚,但却让人们感受到这些未来都市营造者的冲动、活力和梦想。     

An industrial organization economic supply chain approach for the construction industry: a review

Understanding industries in terms of the concepts of chains, clusters and networks is becoming increasingly important in economies around the world. Supply chain management for an individual organization is an emerging field of research in the construction management discipline, but less attention has been devoted to investigating the nature of the construction supply chains and their industrial organizational economic environment. This selected review of construction and mainstream management supply chain literature is organized around four themes; distribution, production, strategic procurement management and industrial organization economics, and highlights the need to develop an industrial organization economic supply chain framework for construction. The merging of the supply chain concept with the industrial organization model as a methodology for understanding firm conduct and industry structure and performance is an important contribution to both construction supply chain and construction economic theory. Much of the industrial organization supply chain literature has tended to focus upon manufacturing industries, where typically firms are permanent organizations. This raises issues as to the differences between industries founded upon temporary compared with permanent organizations. There is potential for the development of an industrial organization methodology applicable to the project based industry. Ultimately industrial organization research seeks to have direct implications for industry performance and government policies.     

“特区建筑” 深圳20世纪80、90年代建筑创作发展评述

文章关注深圳经济特区成立早期20年建筑创作的发展状况,将该时期的建筑创作放在改革开放的时代背景下,通过分析建筑创作的影响因素、现代建筑创作活动、起关键性作用的团队和人物以及具有标志性意义的建筑作品,对具有标志性意义的中国建筑创作发展阶段做出解读。