一种超声换能器阻抗匹配的研究

为了便于探鱼声纳更好的应用于小渔船,其换能器基阵应简易轻便,易于安装,因此把换能器的匹配网络放在干端,减小换能器基阵的体积与重量。为解决长线传输过程中换能器的阻抗匹配,提出了一种匹配方法,在实际应用中很好地解决了超声换能器的宽带阻抗匹配。     

Rapid detection method for aflatoxin B1 in soybean sauce based on fluorescent microspheres probe

Soybean sauce, a Chinese traditional and daily condiment, is often contaminated by aflatoxin B₁. An extract-free immunochromatographic assay was proposed based on fluorescent microspheres probe for the' detection of aflatoxin B₁ in soybean sauce. The probe was prepared by coupling fluorescent microspheres with anti-aflatoxin B₁ antibody by the 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimides hydrochloride-mediated method. The background from the soybean sauce sample on strip was eliminated because of the optical property of the probe. The sample without extracting procedure was directly detected by diluting with 10% methanol solution. The visible detection limit for the qualitative analysis of aflatoxin B₁ in the proposed method was 2.5 μg/L, which was lower than the maximum level of 5 μg/L set by the Chinese government. The results were well agreed with those obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The method showed satisfactory characteristics, such as rapid detection, easy operation, and high sensitivity, and can thus be applied for the large-scale and on-site screening of soybean sauce contaminated with aflatoxin B₁. To our knowledge, this report is the first one on the qualitative detection of aflatoxin B₁ in dark colored food samples directly by fluorescent microspheres probe-based immunochromatography.     

基于嵌入式系统的激光扫描检测系统

为了提高回转体零件的加工和检测精度,将光电检测技术与电子计算机技术相结合,设计并研制了一种基于嵌入式系统的激光扫描检测系统,给出了设计原理和软硬件设计方法,并利用该系统对轴径不同的六组标准工件进行测量.实验表明,该系统的平均测量误差为0.00283mm,满足设计指标要求的3μm,能够极大提高回转体零件的尺寸测量精度,具有较好的应用价值.     

1号高炉过程检测与控制技术进步

介绍1号高炉炉内摄像系统、炉顶十字测温装置、风口小套检漏系统、风口成像系统等仪表、过程检测和控制系统的特点和应用效果。     

局部纹理特征改进空闲车位智能检测算法

针对车辆数量的爆炸式增长而智能停车场车位检测速度慢、正确率低的问题,提出了一种基于局部二值纹理特征改进的空闲车位检测算法,算法首先将监控摄像机采集的车位图像降噪滤波后转化为局部二值模式,然后通过结构模板集提取图像的局部二值纹理特征,作为空闲车位和有车车位的识别特征,最后通过核Fisher判别方法实现空闲车位的检测。实验结果表明,所提方法对空闲车位的正确检测概率达到91.57%,对有车车位的错误检测概率只有4.46%,满足停车场空闲车位自动检测的要求,检测性能优于实验中采用的对比方法。     

室内装修材料释放甲醛的检测及控制研究进展

概述了对室内空气甲醛污染物不同的检测方法,分别讨论了不同检测方法的优缺点和应用条件的选择。同时提出了预防和控制甲醛污染的三种方法,并着重阐述了化学方法降解甲醛的作用机理和常见的技术产品。甲醛检测方法和治理控制方法的改进以及合理选择和使用装饰材料可以有效地降低甲醛对人体健康造成危害。     

MAS小波的钢板表面缺陷边缘检测的研究

针对钢板表面缺陷与背景的对比度差、边缘复杂、采光不均、噪声较大等特点,应用一种基于MAS小波变换进行钢板表面缺陷边缘检测。该方法由Lipschitz指数阐明了图像的边缘几何结构,通过分析图像中不同类型的奇异点,并结合尺度独立算法区分了目标图像中不同类型的边缘,有效的提取了钢板表面缺陷图像的边缘。实验结果表明,基于MAS小波算法可以有效提取图像中阶梯型边界,检测到的缺陷边缘轮廓较为清晰,且去噪能力较强,检测效果优于传统的同类方法。     

基于直线检测的棋盘格角点自动提取

针对现有棋盘格角点自动提取算法鲁棒性不足的缺点,提出了使用直线检测算法(LSD)来进行角点的自动提取。首先,使用LSD算法对标定图像进行处理,得出包含棋盘格子边缘的所有直线,并分别对所得直线的长度和角度进行伪排序以去除伪格子边缘。然后,对剩余直线的边缘端点进行近邻合并,得到角点的初始坐标并进行亚像素优化。最后,使用能量法对角点进行棋盘格结构复原与排序。实验结果显示:该方法可以正确提取含有阴影和噪声的玻璃材质标定板图像中的角点。与改进的Harris方法的角点坐标提取精度对比试验得到其最大偏差小于0.2pixel,平均偏差小于0.15pixel,表明该方法具有较高的鲁棒性且定位精度与改进的Harris方法相当,可用于工程实际中环境光源变化较大的场合。     

船舶液压油中微小颗粒的快速检测与计数研究

液压系统在船上具有广泛应用,当液压油污染物中出现粒径大于20μm的颗粒时,说明该系统发生了异常磨损,可能导致故障的发生。利用光阻法,设计并制作了微流控油液颗粒检测芯片,搭建了简单有效的光学检测系统,并经信号放大和数据采集实现了对微小颗粒的检测,最后通过Java编程实现了对粒径大于20μm颗粒进行计数。对25~38μm的铁颗粒进行快速检测的结果表明,系统的检测性能良好,证明方法是可行的。     

A roadmap towards intelligent net zero- and positive-energy buildings

Buildings nowadays are increasingly expected to meet higher and more complex performance requirements: they should be sustainable; use zero-net energy; foster a healthy and comfortable environment for the occupants; be grid-friendly, yet economical to build and maintain. The essential ingredients for the successful development and operation of net zero- and positive-energy buildings (NZEB/PEB) are: thermal simulation models, that are accurate representations of the building and its subsystems; sensors, actuators, and user interfaces to facilitate communication between the physical and simulation layers; and finally, integrated control and optimization tools of sufficient generality that using the sensor inputs and the thermal models can take intelligent decisions, in almost real-time, regarding the operation of the building and its subsystems. To this end the aim of the present paper is to present a review on the technological developments in each of the essential ingredients that may support the future integration of successful NZEB/PEB, i.e. accurate simulation models, sensors and actuators and last but not least the building optimization and control. The integration of the user is an integral part in the dynamic behavior of the system, and this role has to be taken into account. Future prospects and research trends are discussed.