长轴类零件开式挤压工艺应用及成形极限研究

长轴类零件开式挤压失稳包括弹性失稳和塑性失稳。将压杆失稳原理应用于开式挤压,得到了开式挤压弹性失稳的临界长径比及临界挤压应力的计算方法,建立了开式挤压工艺弹性稳定性校核模型,提出了提高抵抗弹性失稳能力的措施,如降低挤压应力、采用夹持器支承等方法。分析塑性失稳的原因,是零件的传力段的应力达到材料的屈服应力,而在入模口处出现局部镦粗。用上限法计算了圆截面件开式挤压应力,并绘制成可方便查阅的线图。提出了挤压变形程度、凹模半锥角、润滑状态及摩擦因子等是影响塑性失稳成形极限的主要因素,并结合计算线图给出了各影响因素的合理范围。以汽车传动花键轴开式挤压为例,应用失稳理论对挤压工艺参数的合理制定进行指导。     

Instability of light illumination stress on amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O thin‐film transistors

Amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O thin‐film transistors (TFTs) have attracted increasing attention due to their electrical performance and their potential for use in transparent and flexible devices. Because TFTs are exposed to illumination through red, green, and blue color filters, wavelength‐varied light illumination tests are required to ensure stable TFT characteristics. In this paper, the effects of different light wavelengths under both positive and negative V_GS stresses on amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O TFTs are investigated. The TFT instability that is dependent on optical and electrical stresses can be explained by the charge trapping mechanism and interface modification.     

Multi-mode of vortex-induced vibration of a flexible circular cylinder

The vortex-induced vibration of a flexible circular cylinder is investigated at a constant Reynolds number of 1 000.The finite-volume method on moving meshes is applied for the fluid flow, and the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is used to model the dynamic response of a flexible cylinder.The relationship between the reduced velocity and the amplitude response agrees well with the experimental results.Moreover, five different vibrating modes appear in the simulation.From the comparisons of their vortex structures, the strength of the wake flow is related to the exciting vibrating mode and different vortex patterns arise for different vibrating modes.Only 2P pattern appears in the first vibrating mode while 2S-2P patterns occur in the other vibrating modes if monitoring at different sections along the length of the cylinder.The vibration of the flexible cylinder can also greatly alter the three-dimensionality in the wake, which needs further studies in our future work, especially in the transition region for the Reynolds number from 170 to 300.     

The Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the spherical pinch

The spherical pinch (SP) concept is an outgrowth of the inertial confinement model (ICF). Unlike the ICF, where instabilities, especially the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, have been studied extensively, the instability study of the spherical pinch has just begun. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability is investigated for the first time in the SP in the present work. By using the simple condition for the Rayleigh-Taylor instability p·<0 (density and pressure gradients have opposite direction), we have qualitatively identified the regions for development of instabilities in the SP. It is found that the explosion phase (central discharge) is stable and instabilities take place in the imploding phase. However, the growth rate for the instability is not in exponential form, and the appearance of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability does not prevent the main shock wave from converging to the center of the sphere.     

太赫兹带状注器件

带状注是指束流截面近似为矩形或椭圆形的电子注,且具有大的宽高比。相对于传统的圆形注,带状注具有很多优点,例如大电流和大互作用面积等。由于太赫兹波具有高频率、宽频带、高传输速率等优点,因此太赫兹科学与技术近年来发展迅速。作为一种新型的真空电子器件,太赫兹带状注器件在高功率、高增益、高效率及小型化方面具有良好的技术优势。但是,带状注在传输过程中易出现Diocotron不稳定性,难以保持长距离稳定的聚焦传输,从而导致带状注的技术优势难以发挥。本文综述了带状注的产生成形方式和聚焦传输方法,以及太赫兹带状注器件的研究进展,同时讨论了它所面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。     

边坡稳定分析的相对失稳加速度方法

边坡稳定分析是土力学的经典课题,通过稳定分析能够得到边坡的安全系数。但最小安全系数对应的临界滑动面不一定是最先发生滑动的破坏面,失稳加速度临界滑动面则可能最先滑动。失稳加速度方法可以用统一的原理计算边坡和隧洞等所有具有临空面的结构的稳定性;可以利用常规极限平衡法的假定条件进行计算,也可以利用有限元等数值方法的应力计算成果;可以计算失稳加速度,也可以以失稳加速度的模最小来计算安全系数,此时也相当于一种特殊的模式识别方法。本文对失稳加速度方法的提出过程及主要原理进行系统总结,并将其推广到相对失稳加速度和相对安全系数,放松了约束条件,使得它可以具有更加广阔的应用前景。     

超大高径比棒料连续镦粗工艺及材料变形规律

目的研究超大高径比棒料连续镦粗制坯的工艺方法及变形规律。方法通过设计带有一定锥度的可拆卸凸凹模模块对坯料失稳进行约束,通过选择合适的锥度、镦粗次数和锻造速度,避免折叠现象的产生,并研究棒料断面不平整对变形失稳的影响。结果与常规镦粗方法相比,可有效提高镦粗变形的均匀性。结论提出了一种适用于超大高径比棒料连续镦粗的锥形模具结构及其成形工艺方法。     

乳化基质自然储存失稳机理研究

为更有效研发高稳定性乳化基质,避免因乳胶基质失稳造成的生产和工程安全事故,务必深入研究乳化基质自然储存失稳机理。首先总结一般乳液的五大失稳机理:分层、絮凝、相反转、奥氏熟化和聚合,理论分析了乳化基质的失稳的机理可能为奥氏熟化和聚合。然后对制备的三种乳化基质进行自然储存和高低温循环实验,并使用激光粒度仪全程检测平均粒径变化。实验结果可知三种乳化基质的平均粒径都在±0.2μm范围内变化,属于仪器测试误差。则乳胶基质的平均粒径在老化过程中无变化,计算可知乳化基质不存在奥氏熟化和聚合过程。最后使用显微镜观测到乳化基质析晶的三个过程:晶核生成、晶体生长、晶体聚集。因此,乳化基质在自然储存老化过程中,不存在分层、絮凝、相反转、奥氏熟化和聚合,主要失稳机理是内相过饱和无机盐水溶液的析晶。     

冷却塔爆破拆除失稳机制与变形破坏特征研究

冷却塔为高耸薄壁结构,爆破拆除失稳机制复杂。依托H 70 m钢筋混凝土冷却塔爆破拆工程,通过多点无线高清摄像观测、支撑区动应变监测等手段,研究了冷却塔爆破拆除失稳过程中塔体的变形破坏特征和支撑区人字柱的应力演变机制。研究结果表明:切口区人字柱爆破时,首先产生向上的脉冲荷载,脉冲荷载沿塔壁传向支撑区人字柱,使其首先承受动态拉伸荷载;随后,支撑区人字柱首先整体向下压缩,然后发生回弹震荡;重力矩重新分配后,靠近切口区的人字柱承受应变率为10~(-3)/s~10~(-2)/s量级的动态附加压应力,人字柱与圈梁连接点产生压剪破坏;随着人字柱破坏范围的扩大,塔体转动轴逐渐后移,支撑区后部人字柱最终在圈梁节点处发生弯折破坏。     

芯轴摩擦系数对推压-拉拔复合缩径的影响

推压-拉拔复合缩径工艺是管坯减径的新方法,芯轴外表面与管坯内表面之间摩擦系数对工艺有重要的影响。通过建立推压-拉拔复合缩径变形过程中变形管坯的力学模型,分析了芯轴外表面与管坯内表面之间摩擦系数对成形的影响规律。针对某载重6.5 t胀压成形汽车桥壳管件的第一道次推压-拉拔复合缩径,设定不同的芯轴摩擦系数,进行了有限元仿真,得到了芯轴摩擦系数对管坯变形的影响规律,并基于管坯传力区不失稳以及变形所需凹模推力和芯轴拉拔力较小,给出了芯轴摩擦系数的设定范围。进行了缩径实验,实验和有限元模拟的结果接近。较小的芯轴摩擦系数可能造成管坯起皱失稳,而较大的芯轴摩擦系数,有利于降低管坯轴向压应力、凹模推力和芯轴拉拔力,但可能造成管坯表面划伤。