乳化基质自然储存失稳机理研究

为更有效研发高稳定性乳化基质,避免因乳胶基质失稳造成的生产和工程安全事故,务必深入研究乳化基质自然储存失稳机理。首先总结一般乳液的五大失稳机理:分层、絮凝、相反转、奥氏熟化和聚合,理论分析了乳化基质的失稳的机理可能为奥氏熟化和聚合。然后对制备的三种乳化基质进行自然储存和高低温循环实验,并使用激光粒度仪全程检测平均粒径变化。实验结果可知三种乳化基质的平均粒径都在±0.2μm范围内变化,属于仪器测试误差。则乳胶基质的平均粒径在老化过程中无变化,计算可知乳化基质不存在奥氏熟化和聚合过程。最后使用显微镜观测到乳化基质析晶的三个过程:晶核生成、晶体生长、晶体聚集。因此,乳化基质在自然储存老化过程中,不存在分层、絮凝、相反转、奥氏熟化和聚合,主要失稳机理是内相过饱和无机盐水溶液的析晶。

Instability Mechanism of Emulsion Explosive Matrix Suffering Long-time Storage

It is essential to study the instability mechanism of emulsion matrix to effectively explore the formula of high-stability emulsion matrix.Firstly,based on the instability mechanism of general emulsions,such as creaming,sedimentation,flocculation,Ostwald ripening and coalescence,the possible instability mechanisms of emulsion explosive matrices were analyzed and deduced in theory.Secondly,natural storage tests and freeze-thaw cycle tests of three emulsion matrices were carried out and the average sizes of dispersed particles in emulsion matrices were measured by laser particle analyzer.The result indicated that the average diameter of dispersed particles was in range of ±0.2 μm,which means Ostwald ripening and coalescence did not occur in emulsion matrices before seriously crystallization.Finally,three processes of crystallization in emulsion explosive matrices,including crystal nucleation,crystal growth and crystal aggregation,were observed by microscope.In conclusion,creaming,sedimentation,flocculation,Ostwald ripening and coalescence did not occur in emulsion matrices and the dominating mechanism of aging of emulsion explosive matrix was the crystallization of a supersaturation salt solution.