区域PM2.5污染特征及影响因素研究

通过对区域环境空气中PM2.5的采样监测,分析了区域PM2.5的时间变化特征及温度、湿度、风速对其质量浓度产生的影响,并对PM2.5与PM10污染水平及关系进行了研究,得出了一些有意义的结论。     

Periodic autoregressive conditional duration

We propose an autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) model with periodic time-varying parameters and multiplicative error form. We name this model periodic autoregressive conditional duration (PACD). First, we study the stability properties and the moment structures of it. Second, we estimate the model parameters, using (profile and two-stage) Gamma quasi-maximum likelihood estimates (QMLEs), the asymptotic properties of which are examined under general regularity conditions. Our estimation method encompasses the exponential QMLE, as a particular case. The proposed methodology is illustrated with simulated data and two empirical applications on forecasting Bitcoin trading volume and realized volatility. We found that the PACD produces better in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts than the standard ACD.     

钾基蒙脱石对镍离子的吸附作用

钾基蒙脱石的特殊结构决定了其具有一定的阳离子交换能力,这正是钾基蒙脱石可以用于吸附重金属离子的前提。本文采用液闪法研究了钾基蒙脱石对水溶液中镍离子的吸附性能,探讨了温度、pH、吸附剂用量、溶液中镍初始浓度等因素对钾基蒙脱石吸附镍离子的影响。结果表明,较高碱性pH值有利于钾基蒙脱石界面羟基络合配位大量镍离子;钾基蒙脱石用量可提高镍吸附率;提高温度也有利于镍的吸附;热力学吸附模型可采用Freundlich方程来描述。     

Carbon nanotube–polyaniline composites

The last decade has seen a growing interest in hybrid electrically conducting nanocomposites. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of the present status of research in carbon nanotube–polyaniline (CNT/PANI) composites, from processing to structural and property evaluations. CNT/PANI are synthesized by electrochemical and chemical processing. When chemical methods are used, the main challenge is to obtain processable CNT/PANI in the emeraldine salt (ES) form composites. Stable dispersions of ES–CNT in organic media are prepared using the post doping method, inverse emulsion polymerization, or ex situ polymerizations. On the contrary, stable water dispersions of CNT/ES are prepared using hydrophilization of a preformed CNT/ES composite, direct synthesis of micelle–CNT hybrid templates, interfacial polymerization, covalent functionalization of CNT with a water soluble polymer, or using electrostatic interactions between two oppositely charged ES and CNT aqueous colloids. Moreover, the strategies for the synthesis of ternary CNT/PANI composites incorporating noble metal nanoparticles, metal oxide, or graphene sheets are also presented and analyzed in depth. Finally, we give a review of potential applications, including chemical sensors, capacitors, fuel cells and electronic devices.     

V85Ti10Y5和V85Ti10Cu5氢分离合金组织与性能研究

利用高真空非自耗电弧熔炼炉制备了V85Ti10Y5和V85Ti10Cu5氢分离合金。通过SEM、TEM、XRD、氢渗透实验、PCT吸氢实验、恒压缓冷实验,研究了Y、Cu元素的加入对合金氢渗透性能、氢溶解性能及抗氢脆性能的影响。结果表明:铸态V85Ti10Y5和V85Ti10Cu5合金组织均由V-基体和第二相组成,但前者第二相是弥散分布的富Y颗粒,而后者为既在晶内析出又沿晶界连续分布的铜钛金属间化合物。V85Ti10Y5合金中Y2O3的生成及V85Ti10Cu5合金中部分固溶Cu的斥氢作用和Cu2Ti形成使V中Ti的固溶量减少,进而降低合金中的氢浓度,减小氢固溶产生的内应力,提高抗氢脆性能。V85Ti10Y5和V85Ti10Cu5合金在缓冷过程中均未发生氢脆现象,表现出优异的抗氢脆性能,而且在673 K时的氢渗透率分别为0.139×10-6 mol H2 m-1 s-1 Pa0.5和0.174×10-6 mol H2 m-1 s-1 Pa0.5,是Pd77Ag23氢渗透率的5.5和6.9倍,与商用钯合金相比均展现出较高的渗透率。     

哈尔滨市大气中TSP、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)相关性分析

对哈尔滨市大气环境中的TSP、PM10、PM2.5进行了采集和质量浓度的分析。实验结果表明:细颗粒(PM2.5)所占比例全年变化比较明显,1月、10月、11月和12月含量较高,均占到总量的55%以上,同时PM2.5/PM10也处于全年最高值,说明此期间细颗粒污染较为严重,环境危害较大;PM10含量全年变化相对稳定,PM10/TSP变化幅度仅为0.71~0.79,说明全年颗粒物质量分布的变化主要由PM2.5和PM2.5-10引起。根据TSP和PM10、PM10和PM2.5之间的相对关系曲线可以看出,两种大气颗粒物均来自相似的污染源,且污染源排放大气颗粒物的粒度分布长期比较稳定,而PM10和PM2.5的相关系数R值为0.973,也具备一定的相关性,可认为两者的变化趋势是一致的。     

水分对头孢地嗪钠中高分子聚合物含量的影响

采用凝胶色谱法,考察了不同含水量对头孢地嗪钠中高分子聚合物含量的影响。色谱柱为SephadexG-10,流动相A为0.02mol·L^-1磷酸盐缓冲液（pH=7.0）;流动相B为超纯水;流速为1.0mL·min^-1;检测波长为254nm。头孢地嗪钠供试品溶液在10.536~34.461 mg·mL^-1范围内,溶液的浓度与高分子聚合物峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9986）。随着头孢地嗪钠含水量的增加,高分子聚合物的含量明显增加,研究证明水分是控制头孢地嗪钠高分子聚合物含量的关键因素。     

45钢与QT450-10的表面耐腐蚀处理工艺及性能研究

针对注塑机零件中常用的材料45钢和QT450-10,采用未经热处理的模拟试样,分别进行两组不同工艺参数的软氮化及磷化（发黑）和浸涂防锈油等处理方式。最后使用中性盐雾腐蚀试验评估各试样获得的耐腐蚀性能。研究表面：采用相同的表面处理工艺,45钢的耐腐蚀性能优于QT450-10;QT450-10未经磷化（发黑）处理,无论是否浸涂防锈油,表面耐腐蚀性均很差。     

中压加氢裂化装置催化剂再生及其反应性能评价

中海炼化惠州炼化分公司3.6 Mt/a煤柴油加氢裂化装置采用中国石化石油化工科学研究院开发的中压加氢改质MHUG技术及其配套的RN-10B精制剂和RT-5裂化剂,加工环烷基直馏煤柴油和催化裂化柴油的混合油,主要生产高芳烃潜含量石脑油、3号喷气燃料和满足国V排放标准的清洁柴油产品。在该装置第一周期连续稳定运转了5年6个月后停工检修,对催化剂进行器外再生,再生后催化剂的运转结果表明：经过长周期运转和再生后,RN-10B再生剂与新鲜剂的脱硫、脱氮活性相当;RT-5再生剂的活性和提高十六烷值能力与新鲜剂相当;RN-10B和RT-5催化剂活性稳定性良好,再生剂活性损失小,产品分布和产品性质达到或优于设计值,可满足长周期稳定生产需要。     

Particle loss: An initial investigation into size effects and stress-dilatancy

Drained triaxial tests have been performed to explore the effect of particle loss on shearing behaviour and critical states in granular mixtures. The mixtures comprise Leighton Buzzard sand (d₅₀ = 0.8 mm), to which was added 15% by mass of salt particles of different nominal sizes: 0.063 mm, 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm. Shearing behaviours before and after particle loss (by dissolution) were compared. A good fit is observed between the test data and a stress-dilatancy relationship for the post-dissolution tests, highlighting the ability of the stress-dilatancy analysis as a means to interpret the effects of particle loss on shearing. It was noted that critical state strength parameter M is determined by the post-dissolution grading regardless of size of removed particle. However, the duration of contractant volumetric strain increased with the larger removed particles (0.25 mm & 0.5 mm) even when initial specific volumes were virtually identical. It is suggested that a loose volumetric state is reached if the sand particle network is initially disrupted by the amount and/or size of salt particles, which following dissolution results in structural or fabric phenomena that are not reflected in scalar volumetric measures such as specific volume.