高氟水型地区男性不育患者MPO、GSTs活力及内分泌功能的研究

目的探讨高氟水型地区男性不育患者血浆髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)活力变化及内分泌功能。方法对62例男性不育患者以及70例正常生育组采用CASAS-QH-Ⅲ计算机辅助精液分析仪进行精液质量分析;采用比色法分别测定血浆髓过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活力;采用放射免疫法测定血清黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)和睾酮(T)含量。结果高氟水型地区男性不育患者精子密度、精子活力与生育组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血浆MPO活力与生育组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血浆GSTs活力与生育组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);血清黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)较生育组显著升高(P<0.01),血清辜酮(T)水平显著降低(P<0.01)。结论过量氟可能使体内自由基代谢失衡,从而影响成年男性的生殖及内分泌功能。     

The synthesis and preclinical evaluation in rhesus monkey of [18F]MK‐6577 and [11C]CMPyPB glycine transporter 1 positron emission tomography radiotracers

Two positron emission tomography radiotracers for the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) are reported here. Each radiotracer is a propylsulfonamide‐containing benzamide and was labeled with either carbon‐11 or fluorine‐18. [¹¹C]CMPyPB was synthesized by the alkylation of a 3‐hydroxypyridine precursor using [¹¹C]MeI, and [¹⁸F]MK‐6577 was synthesized by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction using a 2‐chloropyridine precursor. Each tracer shows good uptake into rhesus monkey brain with the expected distribution of highest uptake in the pons, thalamus, and cerebellum and lower uptake in the striatum and gray matter of the frontal cortex. In vivo blockade and chase studies of [¹⁸F]MK‐6577 showed a large specific signal and reversible binding. In vitro autoradiographic studies with [¹⁸F]MK‐6577 showed a large specific signal in both rhesus monkey and human brain slices and a distribution consistent with the in vivo results and those reported in the literature. In vivo metabolism studies in rhesus monkeys demonstrated that only more‐polar metabolites are formed for each tracer. Of these two tracers, [¹⁸F]MK‐6577 was more extensively characterized and is a promising clinical positron emission tomography tracer for imaging GlyT1 and for measuring GlyT1 occupancy of therapeutic compounds. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

河北省成安县饮用水中碘和氟含量的调查

目的 了解河北省成安县居民饮用水中碘、氟含量,为制定改进策略提供依据.方法 采集全县9个乡镇的居民饮用水样,检测水碘、水氟含量,分析其相关性.结果 该县居民饮用水碘、水氟中位数分别为172.8 μg/L和0.76 mg/L,水中碘与氟含量有相关性(r =0.548,P＜0.01).结论 该县饮用水中碘和氟含量呈正相关,应关注高碘引发的疾病,个别乡村关注高碘和高氟危害,改水降氟时,避免同时降低碘含量,提倡居民使用检测合格的集体供水井,避免使用未经检测的自供水井.     

燃煤固氟技术示范推广效果观察

目的在燃煤型氟中毒病区,示范推广以钙基固氟剂为型煤添加剂的燃煤固氟技术,评价其固氟和降低室内空气污染物的效果。方法燃用钙基固氟剂制成型煤,测定型煤中各组分和煤渣中的氟含量以及室内空气中氟化物、二氧化硫和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的浓度。结果在燃煤氟中毒严重的贵州省龙里县选择100户作为实验组示范推广燃煤固氟技术。燃用钙基固氟烟煤制成的煤球,示范推广的平均固氟率为77.26%。室内空气中氟化物平均浓度降低53.3%～73.8%,二氧化硫平均浓度降低62.8%～91.1%,PM10平均浓度降低9.5%～41.4%。示范推广加入钙基固氟剂的型煤成本约增加10%。结论该钙基固氟型煤制备工艺简单、易燃,适用于盛产烟煤的地区。     

Simplified and automatic one‐pot synthesis of 16α‐[18F]fluoroestradiol without high‐performance liquid chromatography purification

16α‐[¹⁸F]Fluoroestradiol (16α‐[¹⁸F]FES, 1) is known as a valuable tracer in molecular imaging as estrogen receptor (ER) ligand for investigation of primary and metastatic breast cancer. ER concentration in human breast tumor cells is a significant indicator for the degree of disease and is often monitored by immunoassays or in vitro ligand binding of a tumor biopsy sample. More preferable non‐invasive diagnosis is accessible using 16α‐[¹⁸F]FES (1) as PET tracer. Our aim was to develop a reliable, easy‐to‐use, remotely controlled synthesis for non carrier added (n.c.a.) 16α‐[¹⁸F]FES (1) by nucleophilic substitution using a disposable cassette for GE TRACERlab® MX_FDG. Purification of the crude product using solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges, Oasis® WAX, HLB Plus, Sep‐Pak® C18 and Light Alumina N, allows abandonment of an HPLC purifying system. Formulation of the final product is included in the automatic synthesis. The experimental conditions for this easy‐to‐use synthesis for routine production of 16α‐[¹⁸F]FES (1) are given in detail. Within 75 min 16α‐[¹⁸F]FES (1) is produced in typically 20% n.c.a., radiochemical yield (non decay corrected). Chemical and radiochemical purity is >95% and >99%, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河南省2011年饮水型地方性氟中毒流行状况

目的了解河南省饮水型氟中毒病区病情现状,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照《河南省2010年地方病防治项目技术方案》要求,在饮水型氟中毒病区抽取10个县(区),在每个县(区)随机抽取10个降氟改水工程,采用分层抽样方法按照轻、中、重原则随机抽取3个病区村。进行水氟含量及8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况监测。结果在10个县(区)共监测100个降氟改水工程,99个能正常运行,改水工程水氟含量超标率21%(21/100)。共调查30个病区村,其中8个为已改水病区村,降氟改水工程水氟含量全部合格,8～12岁儿童氟斑牙的总检出率52.71%(496/941),缺损率5.84%(55/941),氟斑牙指数1.19,流行强度中等;22个为未改水病区村,8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为47.34%(1015/2144),缺损型氟斑牙检出率为13.29%(285/2144),氟斑牙指数为1.15,流行强度中等。结论河南省改水工程水氟含量超标现象依然严重,氟中毒危害仍然较重。因此,应加强改水工程建设的科学论证和竣工时工程验收,杜绝不合格工程投入使用;坚持定期开展水质监测,对水质超标工程及时进行整改。     

Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation tuned to chemoselective conversion of non‐activated [18F]fluorobenzaldehydes to [18F]fluorophenols

A reaction pathway via oxidation of [¹⁸F]fluorobenzaldehydes offers a very useful tool for the no‐carrier‐added radiosynthesis of [¹⁸F]fluorophenols, a structural motive of several potential radiopharmaceuticals. A considerably improved chemoselectivity of the Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation (BVO) towards phenols was achieved, employing 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol as reaction solvent in combination with Oxone or m‐CPBA as oxidation agent. The studies showed the necessity of H₂SO₄ addition, which appears to have a dual effect, acting as catalyst and desiccant. For example, 2‐[¹⁸F]fluorophenol was obtained with a RCY of 97% under optimised conditions of 80°C and 30‐minute reaction time. The changed performance of the BVO, which is in agreement with known reaction mechanisms via Criegee intermediates, provided the best results with regard to radiochemical yield (RCY) and chemoselectivity, i.e. formation of [¹⁸F]fluorophenols rather than [¹⁸F]fluorobenzoic acids. Thus, after a long history of the BVO, the new modification now allows an almost specific formation of phenols, even from electron‐deficient benzaldehydes. Further, the applicability of the tuned, chemoselective BVO to the n.c.a. level and to more complex compounds was demonstrated for the products n.c.a. 4‐[¹⁸F]fluorophenol (RCY 95%; relating to 4‐[¹⁸F]fluorobenzaldehyde) and 4‐[¹⁸F]fluoro‐m‐tyramine (RCY 32%; relating to [¹⁸F]fluoride), respectively.     

牙膏中游离氟在去离子水介质中的 均匀性和稳定性检验

摘要:目的　观察市售不同品牌牙膏中氟离子在去离子水介质中的均匀性和稳定性对测定结果的影响。方法　环境温度为25℃时,在不同品牌牙膏样品中分别加入0.2 μg/ml、0.5 μg/ml、1.0 μg/ml、3.0 μg/ml和5.0 μg/ml的氟标准溶液后经去离子水提取,游离氟的测定按（GB8372-2008）中离子选择电极法进行。结果　环境温度为25℃时,对数回归方程为y＝Lg-1（222.3-E/58.7）,样品中氟离子浓度在0.2 mg/kg～5.0 mg/kg样品的均匀性和稳定性对游离氟的测定影响均不显著（F值分别为1.86、2.33、2.94、2.87、2.91＜F临界值F0.05（9.10）＝3.02）;（t值分别为2.04、2.21、2.23、2.08、1.69＜t0.05（9）＝2.26）。结论　证实了用去离子水作为提取剂,以离子选择电极测定不同品牌牙膏中游离氟是可行的。     

2014年五华县饮水型地方性氟中毒监测结果分析

目的 及时掌握五华县饮水型地方性氟中毒病区病情动态,评价防控措施效果,为下一步开展防治工作提供科学依据。方法 将病区按轻、中、重病区村进行分类,每类随机抽取1个村,对改水工程运转、水氟、8~12岁儿童氟斑牙、25岁以上居民氟骨症和尿氟进行监测调查。结果 监测的3个病区村改水工程运转正常,饮用水氟含量均低于1.0mg/L;8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为4.67%(5/107),尿氟均值为0.65mg/L;25岁以上居民氟骨症检出率为4.67%(7/150),尿氟均值为1.03mg/L。结论 五华县饮水型地方性氟中毒病情已得到控制,但还须持续做好地氟病防治健康教育及宣传工作,加强改水设施的后期管理和水质监测,保障饮用水安全。     

内蒙古满洲里和北京地区部分人群骨密度调查分析

 目的 了解内蒙古满洲里地区和北京地区部分人群的骨密度情况,探究其生活的人文地理条件对骨密度的影响.方法 对20名男性和30名女性满洲里50～60岁人群进行双光能X线骨密度测量,并分别与北京地区同一年龄段男女性部分人员进行对比分析.结果 内蒙古满洲里地区50～60岁人群与北京地区相比较;不论男性还是女性,其腰椎L2～4、股骨颈、Ward区、大转子的峰值均数均有统计学差别.结论 内蒙古满洲里地区50～60岁人群峰值骨量低于北京地区同年龄段人群,可能原因是该地区饮用水含氟量超标.