18世纪上半叶查尔斯·布里奇曼和威廉·肯特对英国罗斯海姆园的改造设计研究

罗斯海姆园是18世纪英国自然风景式园林设计的早期作品,主要由查尔斯·布里奇曼和威廉·肯特改造设计,是早期英国自然风景园的代表作之一。在文献阅读和实地调研的基础上,梳理了布里奇曼和肯特改造罗斯海姆园的2个历史发展阶段。通过分析改造设计的内容,发现布里奇曼奠定了罗斯海姆园的整体布局,肯特在此基础上进一步通过视线的处理、建筑小品的运用、哲理氛围的营造等几方面进行改造。从布里奇曼进行的改造设计到肯特对景观的提升,罗斯海姆园的发展演变也展现了英国自然风景园从不规则造园的孕育期到真正风景式园林形成期的特征和发展历程。     

Charles Roger Myers (1906-1985).

Presents an obituary for Charles Roger Myers, who died in Toronto on June 5, 1985. Roger Myers shared the distinction of being one of the first two psychology internes employed by the Ontario Hospital Service. He served as the first Consulting Psychologist for the Ontario Department of Health from 1930 to 1963. He was the first person in charge of research at the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital before World War II. He was a founding member of the Canadian Psychological Association in 1940, its secretary, its president (1950-1951), its first executive officer (1970-1978) and its archivist. He was a man who left as his ultimate legacy a strong, vigorous, and unified department that strives to contribute to the creation and dissemination of psychological knowledge not only in Canada but in the world. In all of these ways his life has touched thousands of others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Computer models and the brain

Psychologists and computer enthusiasts have talked at length about the relationships between processing of information by the brain and processing of information by the computer. Models relating the two have been suggested, and attempts to draw analogies between the methods in which a computer would do a task and how the brain works have been frequent. Indeed, it has become popular to discuss brain functions in terms of computer terminology, and to project to the time when computers will duplicate brain processes. The present article discusses some of the difficulties and misassumptions which can arise from such discussions, and discusses those issues which must be addressed by those who wish to use the computer as a substitute for the brain.     

Distinguished scientific award for the application of psychology: Charles R. Schuster.

The Distinguished Scientific Award for the Applications of Psychology is presented to a person who has made distinguished theoretical or empirical advances leading to the understanding or amelioration of important practical problems. The 1992 winner is Charles R. Schuster. Schuster was chosen for outstanding contributions and leadership in behavioral pharmacology and drug abuse research. He creatively applied concepts and methods from the experimental analysis of behavior to the study of drugs of abuse and was a pioneer in the use of human subjects for behavioral pharmacology research. In addition, his innovative studies of tolerance led to a worldwide appreciation for the role of learning in adaption to repeated drug use. A biography for Schuster is presented, along with a selected bibliography of his work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Charles Adolphous Kiesler (1934-2002).

This obituary reviews the life and work of Charles (Chuck) Adolphous Kiesler (1934-2002). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

2003 Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Application of Psychology.

Presents the 2003 American Psychological Foundation's Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Application of Psychology, which was presented to Charles D. Spielberger. A biography of Spielberger is provided, along with a selected bibliography and the text of the award citation: "For his contributions to theory and research on stress, anxiety, anger, depression, and curiosity, and the effects of these emotional states and personality traits on learning, academic performance, and cardiovascular disorders. Charles Spielberger has developed measures for assessing emotions, personality, and occupational stress that are widely used around the world. His professional achievements include diplomate status in clinical and assessment psychology and recognition as a Distinguished Practitioner of the National Academies of Practice. His numerous leadership roles include serving as president of the International Association of Applied Psychology, the Society for Personality Assessment, the Stress and Anxiety Research Society, the 100th president of the American Psychological Association, and as chair of the National Council of Scientific Society Presidents." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A linear programming procedure based on de la Vallée Poussin's minimax estimation procedure

It is shown that de la Vallée Poussin's 1911 procedure for the solution of linear minimax estimation problems can be adjusted to solve a class of linear programming problems. A general procedure of this type should have been accessible in the 1910s, but the historical record shows that no such procedure was developed before the work of Kantorovich, Koopmans, and Dantzig in the 1940s.     

Distinguished teaching in psychology award: Charles L. Brewer.

Presents the citation and biography for Charles L. Brewer, recipient of the American Psychological Association's Distinguished Teaching in Psychology Award. The Distinguished Teaching in Psychology Award, which includes a check for $1,000, is given to the recipient for his or her contributions to the teaching of psychology. The following guidelines are used to determine the recipient: (a) demonstrated influence as a teacher of students who become outstanding psychologists, (b) development of effective teaching methods and/or teaching materials, (c) engagement in significant research on teaching, (d) development of innovative curricula and courses, (e) outstanding performance as a classroom teacher, (f) being an especially effective trainer of teachers of psychology, and (g) being responsible for administrative facilitation of outstanding teaching. The recipient is selected by the APF Teaching Award Committee from nominations submitted at large. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

严格写实——从原作到译品

本文通过对查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》及其两个中译版中有关真实问题的探讨,指出无论是原作还是译品都要把握真实原则才能获得成功。     

甘草查尔酮分离纯化工艺的研究

主要研究甘草查尔酮分离纯化工艺：①将甘草粉碎，用妒：95％的乙醇浸泡三次，合并其三次的提取液，浓缩回收溶剂后，得到甘草粗提物；将甘草粗提物用pH=9～10的石灰水热溶，除去鞣质和胶质，过滤，滤液用ω=5％Na2CO3溶液和乙酸乙酯反复萃取3—4次，回收酯溶液，得到含有查尔酮的稠膏．②稠膏用甲醇溶解，拌入聚酰胺，真空干燥成粉状物，用聚酰胺柱层析分离，用不同体积分数的乙醇做洗脱液，分段检验洗脱液，收集有查尔酮特征的洗脱液，浓缩后得到黄色固体查尔酮；用V（甲苯）：V（氯仿）：V（丙酮）=40：25：35混合溶剂进行硅胶柱层析，分段检验洗脱液，收集有查尔酮特征的洗脱液，浓缩回收混合溶剂，可得淡黄色晶体，再用甲醇重结晶，得到亮黄色针状结晶查尔酮．研究结果表明：采用柱层析分离纯化工艺可得到纯度较高的甘草查尔酮．