基于期望最大化算法和求容积卡尔曼平滑器的气动参数辨识算法

针对初值和噪声统计特性未知情形下的飞行器系统辨识的问题,提出了基于期望最大化(expectation maximization,EM)和求容积卡尔曼平滑器(cubature Kalman smoother,CKS)的辨识算法。该算法用期望最大化算法对初值和噪声的统计特性进行估计;用求容积卡尔曼平滑器估计状态向量和未知参数。在期望最大化算法的求期望步骤中,所求的期望值通过求容积规则获得,用较少的采样点保证了估计精度;在期望最大化算法的最大化步骤中,未知量的最优值以解析解形式给出,减小了计算量。仿真结果说明,该算法在飞行器气动参数辨识问题中,能给出较好的辨识结果。与其他方法的对比验证说明新算法具有辨识精度高、收敛速度快等优点。     

Influence of bubble diameter and solids concentration on bubble stability: Development of a novel analytical approach

The properties and thickness of the bubbles in the froth control the flotation process. There is no work showing how to measure bubble film composition and thickness by a straightforward manner. In this work, a novel approach, a custom-designed bubble cell associated with layer interferometry（in the UV-vis region） and FT-IR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of solid particle type（hydrophilic vs hydrophobic）, concentration and bubble diameter on stability of a bubble blown in air. Stability was quantified by measuring bubble lifetime and hydrated film thickness. Kerosene with silicone oil as a foaming agent was used to evaluate the impact of bubble diameter（test series I）. Frother solutions（MIBC, Dowfroth 250, Hexanol and F-150） were used for the solid type concentration experiments（test series II）. In the first series of experiments, it was determined that as the diameter of a bubble increased from 10 to 25 mm, so did the hydrated film thickness from 350 to 1000 nm. In the second series, as the silica concentration increased（0 to 10%）, an increase in bubble lifetime and hydrated film thickness was resulted（130%-250%）. An impact of solid hydrophobicity was found but to a lesser degree than expected. It is possible that the small particle size（〈0.1 m） of silica was responsible for this behavior. The findings are used to interpret the effect of solids in flotation froth.     

A novel approach to prevent bubble coalescence during measurement of bubble size in flotation简

Effect of frothers in preventing bubble coalescence during flotation of minerals has long been investigated. To evaluate the performance of a frother, an apparatus to measure the bubble size is a basic necessity. McGill Bubble Size Analyzer （MBSA） or bubble viewer that has been developed and completed by McGill University＇s Mineral Processing Group during the last decade is a unique instrument to serve this purpose. Two parameters which are thought to influence the bubble size measurements by McGill bubble viewer include water quality and frother concentration in the chamber. Results show that there is no difference in Sauter mean （D32） when tap or de-ionized water was used instead of process water. However, the frother concentration, in this research DowFroth 250 （DF250）, inside the chamber exhibited a pronounced effect on bubble size. Frother concentration below a certain point can not prevent coalescence inside the chamber and therefore caution must be taken in plant applications. It was also noted that the frother concentration which has been so far practiced in plant measurements （CCC75-CCC95） is high enough to prevent coalescence with the bubble viewer.     

Correspondence of bubble size and frother partitioning in flotation

The size of bubbles created in the flotation process is of great importance to the efficiency of the mineral separation achieved. Meanwhile, it is believed that frother transport between phases is perhaps the most important reason for the interactive nature of the phenomena occurring in the bulk and froth phases in flotation, as frother adsorbed in the surface of rising bubbles is removed from the bulk phase and then released into the froth as a fraction of the bubbles burst. This causes the increased concentration in the froth compared to the bulk concentration, named as frother partitioning. Partitioning reflects the adsorption of frother on bubbles and how to influence bubble size is not known. There currently exists no such a topic aiming to link these two key parameters. To fill this vacancy, the correspondence between bubble size and frother partitioning was examined. Bubble size was measured by sampling-for-imaging （SFI） technique. Using total organic carbon （TOC） analysis to measure the frother partitioning between froth and bulk phases was determined. Measurements have shown, with no exceptions including four different frothers, higher frother concentration is in the bulk than in the froth. The results also show strong partitioning giving an increase in bubble size which implies there is a compelling relationship between these two, represented byCFroth/CBulk andD32. TheCFroth/CBulk andD32 curves show similar exponential decay relationships as a function of added frother in the system, strongly suggesting that the frother concentration gradient between the bulk solution and the bubble interface is the driving force contributing to bubble size reduction.     

行走在华夏文化的摇篮中——西北和中原城市一瞥

自古以来,我们一直把黄河称作是中华民族的摇篮,是哺育华夏文明的母亲河,因为农耕文明的诞生和延续,需要与之相匹配的自然环境。在计划经济时代,中原地区的3个一级城市特色各异：郑州是省会城市,开封是消费城市,洛阳是重工业城市。现在的中原城市群是7大国家级城市群之一,它以郑州为中心,以洛阳为副中心,以开封等地区性中心城市为节点,构成了紧密联系圈。     

对潭口新区工程方案编制与实践的认识

潭口新区建设方案编制以节能降耗为出发点,机采系统依靠井底流压和目标产量确定工作参数,杆柱组合采用能耗最低设计方法,根据斜井抽油杆侧向力分布状况设计抽油杆扶正器设置间距;注水系统优化地面管网布局,降低了高压注水单耗;集输系统对单井集油管线进行了优化设计,充分利用油井伴生气资源,实现了单管常温集输和单管油气密闭集输,减少了原油损耗,降低了区块的能耗水平。     

对装备保障体制变革的哲学思考

随着军队体制编制调整改革的深入推进,装备保障体制变革大势所趋,且是一项系统性、全局性、长远性的战略任务。从哲学的角度,对装备保障体系的内、外部矛盾进行了分析,探索了装备保障体制变革的一般规律,提出了装备保障体制变革的方向和途径。     

促进新能源消纳的省间、省内两级电力现货市场运行机制

随着中国新能源装机容量的快速增长,消纳任务愈发艰巨.电力市场建设也需要结合电网发展特点,寻找高比例新能源背景下的市场模式.文中在分析西北区域现行两级调峰辅助服务市场运行机制存在问题的基础上,提出了未来区域电网省间、省内两级电力市场协调运行中的关键问题及解决措施,建立了以最大化消纳新能源为目标的市场间优化协调机制,设计的机制可以推动省间、省内多个市场之间的有序衔接,促进电能的优化配置和调峰资源的有效利用.通过某省级电力市场实际运行数据,对所提出的两级市场协调机制进行了模拟计算和对比分析,结果验证了设计机制的有效性.     

ICP－AES法测定金铜钯镍铑合金

ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定金铜钯镍铑合金高天寿，张炜（昆明贵金属研究所，昆明６５０２２１）贵金属合金一般采用化学分析法测定，其中钯多用ＥＤＴＡ络合反滴定法或丁二肟沉淀重量法￣［１，３］，镍用ＥＤＴＡ络合反滴定法￣［２］，铑用氯化亚锡分光光度法或六硝酸络铑六...     

应用虚拟仪器技术的超高频 RFID 读写器设计*

射频识别技术在资产管理领域中逐渐受到青睐,针对现有识别技术开发周期长、测试速度慢的弊端,论文提出采用虚拟仪器和数字信号处理技术,结合自定义超高频协议,研究了一种新的读写器系统。该系统用软件代替硬件实现超高频射频识别,能对超高频RFID标签自动测试,能够实现电子标签从物理层到应用层的一致性测试,能对多种宏观参数测量和分析。实验结果表明,该系统在单标签及多标签的情况下能克服单一标准的限制,很好地模拟读写器调制、解调、编码、解码、循环冗余校验、逻辑控制等基本功能,具有成本低、集成度高和扩展性好等优势。