256层CT灌注成像评价兔失神经支配缺血后肢急性期毛细血管床血容量的动态变化

Objective To investigate the capillary blood volume (BV) changes in acute ischemic denervated hindlimb of rabbits and the value of 256-slice detector computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging in evaluation.Methods A total of 40 healthy, adult white rabbits underwent either right hindlimb femoral artery excision combined femoral nerve denervation (combined modeling group, n = 10), simple femoral artery excision (iachemia group, n = 10), simple femoral nerve denervation (denervation group,n = 10), or simple femoral artery separation (sham-surgery group, n = 10).At 1,7, 14, 21, and 28 days following surgery, CT perfusion scanning (Philips Brilliance 256-row) was performed and CT perfusion images were processed using maximum-slope method with Function CT software on EBW workstation.The ratio of BV (rBV) in muscle tissue between right and left hindlimbs was calculated in each group.At 14 and 28 days, following sacrifice, rabbit bilateral adductor was harvested for immunohistochemical staining.The ratio of microvessei density (rMVD) in muscle tissue between right and left hindlimbs was calculated.The significance of the difference of rBV at each time point was assessed using analysis of variance of factorial design (2 ×2).Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between rBV and rMVD.Results After surgery, the 1st day rBV of combined modeling group, combined modeling group,denervation group and sham-surgery group is 0.31 ± 0.15 ( n = 6), 0.29 ± 0.12 (n = 6), 0.98 ± 0.08 ( n =6), 0.98 ± 0.07 ( n = 6) respectively.The 7th day following surgery rBV is 1.69 ± 0.45 ( n = 5 ), 1.63 ±0.43(n=6), 0.99 ±0.07(n =6), 1.00 ±0.08(n =6).The 14th day is respectively 1.58 ±0.18(n=5), 1.49 ±0.25(n =6), 0.94 ±0.08(n =6), 1.01 ±0.05(n =6).The 21th day is 1.42 ±0.41 (n=4),1.43 ±0.31(n=4), 0.94 ±0.05(n =5), 1.02 ±0.05(n =5),and the 28th day is 1.00 ±0.25(n=4),0.99 ±0.08(n=4), 0.92 ±0.09(n =5), 1.02 ±0.13(n=5).At each time point with exception of postoperative 28 days(F(A) =0.214,P>0.05), ischemia produced main effects on rBV(F(A) =274.268,30.044,65.787,18.886 ,P < 0.01 ), while simple denervation did not show main effects on each time point.Ischemia and denervation did not yield interaction effects on each time point, rMVD from each group supported above-mentioned changes.The correlation coefficient of rBV to rMVD was r = 0.862 ( P < 0.01 ).Conclusions BV in acute ischemic denervated hindlimb of rabbits shows a dynamic change, and denervation does not obviously influence this process.256-slice detector CT perfusion imaging can be used to noninvasively and semi-quantitatively evaluate the dynamic changes of capillary bed in acute ischemie denervated hindlimb of rabbits.     

256层CT灌注成像评价兔失神经支配缺血后肢急性期毛细血管床血容量的动态变化

目的 探讨兔失神经支配缺血后肢急性期毛细血管床血容量(blood volume,BV)动态变化及256层CT灌注成像的评估价值.方法 健康成年大耳白兔40只,采用数字表法随机分为联合造模组、缺血组、失神经组和假手术组,每组10只.分别制作右后肢股动脉切除联合股神经离断、单纯股动脉切除、单纯股神经离断及单纯分离股动脉假手术模型.于术后第1、7、14、21和28天行256层CT灌注扫描,计算各组右后肢与左后肢肌肉组织的BV比值(rBV).于术后第14和28天各组采用数字表法随机处死动物4只,分别切取双侧内收肌进行免疫组织化学染色,计算右后肢与左后肢内收肌毛细血管密度比值(rMVD).各组不同时点rBV采用2×2析因设计方差分析,采用Pearson相关分析rBV与内收肌rMVD的相关性.结果 术后第1天,联合造模组、缺血组、失神经组和假手术组rBV分别为0.31 ±0.15(6只)、0.29±0.12(6只)、0.98±0.08(6只)、0.98±0.07(6只),术后第7天分别为1.69±0.45(5只)、1.63±0.43(6只)、0.99±0.07(6只)、1.00±0.08(6只),术后第14天分别为1.58±0.18(5只)、1.49±0.25(6只)、0.94±0.08(6只)、1.01±0.05(6只),术后第21天分别为1.42±0.41(4只)、1.43 ±0.31(4只)、0.94 ±0.05(5只)、1.02±0.05(5只),术后第28天分别为1.00±0.25(4只)、0.99±0.08(4只)、0.92±0.09(5只)、1.02±0.13(5只),除术后第28天外(F(A)=0.214,P>0.05),缺血因素对灌注参数rBV的影响具有主效应(F(A)值分别为274.268、30.044、65.787、18.886,P值均<0.01),而单纯失神经因素在各时点均未表现出主效应,两因素在各时点均无交互作用.各组rMVD支持上述改变;rBV与rMVD的相关系数为r=0.862(P<0.01).结论 兔后肢缺血后急性期毛细血管床血流灌注表现呈动态变化,合并失神经支配时,并未影响此过程.256层CT可以无侵袭性、半定量评估兔失神经缺血后肢急性期毛细血管床的动态变化.     

256层CT心电前置门控及回顾门控冠状动脉成像质量及辐射剂量比较

目的 比较256层CT前置门控冠状动脉CTA与回顾门控检查方法的成像质量及辐射剂量,探讨256层CT前置门控冠状动脉扫描方法的临床应用价值及局限性.方法 回顾分析177例冠状动脉256层CTA检查患者,其中前置门控86例,回顾门控91例.将冠状动脉主要分支分为9个节段评价,采用4分法评价图像质量,≥3分为可评价节段.采用t检验比较两种方法组可评价节段的百分比、患者的有效辐射剂量及图像噪声.结果 前置门控组86例中98.8%节段(765/774)为可评价节段.回顾门控组91例中99.6%节段(816/819)可评价.2组图像质量差异有统计学意义(t=2.51,P=0.01).心率<75次/min时,前置门控与回顾门控组的可评价节段分别为99.8%(647/648),99.7%(718/720),图像质量的差异无统计学意义(t=1.90,P>0.05).≥75次/min时,2组的可评价节段分别为93.6%(118/126)和99.0%(98/99).2组的可评价率差异有统计学意义(t=3.57,P<0.05).前置门控组及回顾门控组的有效辐射剂量分别为(4.4±0.5)和(10.3±1.5)mSv(t=33.4,P<0.00),前置门控扫描的剂量明显小于回顾门控扫描,下降幅度达60.0%.结论 256层CT前置门控冠状动脉扫描方法较回顾门控方法剂量显著降低,两种扫描方法得到的图像质量均较好.在低心率组图像质量两种方法相近,而高心率组前置门控较回顾门控法有差距.     

成都市狂犬病暴露预防门诊犬伤处置能力调查

目的 了解成都市主城区狂犬病暴露预防门诊(犬伤门诊)医务人员犬伤处置能力的现状,为规范犬伤暴露后的医学处理工作和提高犬伤处理水平提供参考和依据.方法 对成都市21家犬伤门诊医务人员开展现场观察,每个犬伤门诊现场观察1周.观察的主要内容包括犬伤的诊断和处理流程、伤口清洗和消毒、疫苗和狂犬病免疫球蛋白的注射、再暴露和暴露前的免疫预防等.采用Epidata3.02软件建立数据库,SPSS13.0软件进行数据分析.结果 市级及以上、区级和社区级犬伤门诊医务人员在伤口冲洗和消毒、再暴露处理或描述、疫苗注射方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),操作正确率均在80％以上;而在暴露前免疫处理或描述和对犬伤的诊断和处理流程方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),社区级门诊医务人员在这2方面的处理能力最低(正确率分别是70.73％和58.33％).结论 成都市犬伤门诊医务人员的狂犬病处置能力需要提高,特别是社区门诊医务人员,应有针对性的开展更多的规范化犬伤处置技术培训,及时更新犬伤处理知识,促进狂犬病防治工作的完善.     

256层CT灌注成像评价兔失神经支配缺血后肢急性期毛细血管床血容量的动态变化

Objective To investigate the capillary blood volume (BV) changes in acute ischemic denervated hindlimb of rabbits and the value of 256-slice detector computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging in evaluation.Methods A total of 40 healthy, adult white rabbits underwent either right hindlimb femoral artery excision combined femoral nerve denervation (combined modeling group, n = 10), simple femoral artery excision (iachemia group, n = 10), simple femoral nerve denervation (denervation group,n = 10), or simple femoral artery separation (sham-surgery group, n = 10).At 1,7, 14, 21, and 28 days following surgery, CT perfusion scanning (Philips Brilliance 256-row) was performed and CT perfusion images were processed using maximum-slope method with Function CT software on EBW workstation.The ratio of BV (rBV) in muscle tissue between right and left hindlimbs was calculated in each group.At 14 and 28 days, following sacrifice, rabbit bilateral adductor was harvested for immunohistochemical staining.The ratio of microvessei density (rMVD) in muscle tissue between right and left hindlimbs was calculated.The significance of the difference of rBV at each time point was assessed using analysis of variance of factorial design (2 ×2).Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between rBV and rMVD.Results After surgery, the 1st day rBV of combined modeling group, combined modeling group,denervation group and sham-surgery group is 0.31 ± 0.15 ( n = 6), 0.29 ± 0.12 (n = 6), 0.98 ± 0.08 ( n =6), 0.98 ± 0.07 ( n = 6) respectively.The 7th day following surgery rBV is 1.69 ± 0.45 ( n = 5 ), 1.63 ±0.43(n=6), 0.99 ±0.07(n =6), 1.00 ±0.08(n =6).The 14th day is respectively 1.58 ±0.18(n=5), 1.49 ±0.25(n =6), 0.94 ±0.08(n =6), 1.01 ±0.05(n =6).The 21th day is 1.42 ±0.41 (n=4),1.43 ±0.31(n=4), 0.94 ±0.05(n =5), 1.02 ±0.05(n =5),and the 28th day is 1.00 ±0.25(n=4),0.99 ±0.08(n=4), 0.92 ±0.09(n =5), 1.02 ±0.13(n=5).At each time point with exception of postoperative 28 days(F(A) =0.214,P>0.05), ischemia produced main effects on rBV(F(A) =274.268,30.044,65.787,18.886 ,P < 0.01 ), while simple denervation did not show main effects on each time point.Ischemia and denervation did not yield interaction effects on each time point, rMVD from each group supported above-mentioned changes.The correlation coefficient of rBV to rMVD was r = 0.862 ( P < 0.01 ).Conclusions BV in acute ischemic denervated hindlimb of rabbits shows a dynamic change, and denervation does not obviously influence this process.256-slice detector CT perfusion imaging can be used to noninvasively and semi-quantitatively evaluate the dynamic changes of capillary bed in acute ischemie denervated hindlimb of rabbits.     

多层螺旋CT成像下左心耳与肺静脉距离的测量

目的通过多层螺旋CT（MSCT）成像下左心耳与肺静脉距离的测量,了解左房的局部细节解剖结构,提高房颤射频消融的安全性和有效性。方法选心脏MSCT检查结果正常并可排除肺部及心血管疾病者86例进行回顾性研究,对左心耳与肺静脉间最短距离进行测量。结果左上肺静脉距左心耳最短距离（3．6±1．3）mm,左下肺静脉距左心耳最短距离（5．9±2．1）mm,两距离比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05,n=72）。结论左心耳与肺静脉间距离的测量结果使得左房的局部细节的解剖结构更加清晰,有助于提高消融过程的安全性和有效性。     

手术中的分离技巧

手术治病．也可致病。手术是外科领域的主要治疗手段．是一种恰当的处理病灶并取得良好治疗效果的技巧。在窳多的手术技巧当中，我们认为最重要的是充分的显露和分离技巧．因为它的熟练程度决定了手术时间．也决定手术的战败与否．是否产生副损伤，影响手术的效果。如何提高分离技巧．我们经过实践认为要加强以下两方面的训练。     

老年急性胆囊穿孔16例治疗体会

我院1996年2月至2001年12月收治老年胆囊炎患者232例,其中胆囊坏疽穿孔16例.现就临床特点及治疗体会总结如下.     

小切口下有限内固定结合外固定架治疗胫骨骨折47例

胫骨骨折在全身长骨骨折中发生率较高，占10％左右。治疗方法颇多，但如处理不当，则可出现伤口感染、畸形愈合、延迟愈合、骨不连、骨髓炎及关节僵硬等并发症，甚至有截肢的严重后果，特别是胫骨骨折中的不稳定骨折，处理较为困难。自1996年10月～2003年10月应用小切口下有限内固定加外固定架治疗胫骨骨折47例，取得显著效果。现介绍如下。     

MSCT、超声心动图与MRI评价左心功能的比较研究

目的以磁共振成像(MRI)为对照标准,应用64层螺旋CT(MSCT),定量评价左心功能,探讨MSCT和MRI心功能评价指标的相关性及MSCT在冠心病左心功能评价中的应用价值;比较同组病例的超声心动图和心脏MRI的左心功能指标,探讨两种方法心功能指标的相关性。资料与方法临床拟诊冠心病的患者32例(均自愿参加),均行心脏MSCT、MRI和超声心动图检查。结果MSCT和MRI两种方法的心功能指标差异无统计学意义,舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、每搏输出量(SV)、左室射血分数(EF)、心肌质量(MM)相关性高(r值=0.78~0.92);超声心动图和MRI两种方法的心功能指标差异亦无统计学意义,EDV和SV相关性高(r值分别为0.63和0.69);ESV和EF值相关性中等或低(r值分别为0.41和0.34)。EDV、ESV均值:MSCT>MRI>超声心动图;SV均值:MSCT>MRI和超声心动图;EF均值:超声心动图>MRI>MSCT。结论MSCT在左心功能定量评价方面准确、可靠,一次MSCT冠状动脉造影检查可以同时评估冠状动脉狭窄情况和左心室功能。超声心动图也具有重要的临床应用价值,但是MSCT用于定量评价左心功能较超声心动图更准确。