Efficient and privacy-enhanced object traceability based on unified and linked EPCIS events

EPC Information Service (EPCIS) is a de-facto standard for visibility event/master data in supply chains, and the standard is widely known as a key solution to achieve object traceability. Despite its expressive power, this information service is prone to make application developers write queries redundantly and recursively, especially in distributed environments; additionally, it is hard for business partners to protect sensitive business contexts in each object level due to its event-oriented persistence approach. Therefore, we propose a graph-oriented persistence approach for the visibility data to achieve efficient and privacy-enhanced object traceability based on unified and linked EPCIS events.     

A scoped approach to traceability management

Traceability is the ability to describe and follow the life of a software artifact and a means for modeling the relations between software artifacts in an explicit way. Traceability has been successfully applied in many software engineering communities and has recently been adopted to document the transition among requirements, architecture and implementation. We present an approach to customize traceability to the situation at hand. Instead of automating tracing, or representing all possible traces, we scope the traces to be maintained to the activities stakeholders must carry out. We define core traceability paths, consisting of essential traceability links required to support the activities. We illustrate the approach through two examples: product derivation in software product lines, and release planning in software process management. By using a running software product line example, we explain why the core traceability paths identified are needed when navigating from feature to structural models and from family to product level and backward between models used in software product derivation. A feasibility study in release planning carried out in an industrial setting further illustrates the use of core traceability paths during production and measures the increase in performance of the development processes supported by our approach. These examples show that our approach can be successfully used to support both product and process traceability in a pragmatic yet efficient way.     

Means-ends and whole-part traceability analysis of safety requirements

Safety is a system property, hence the high-level safety requirements are incorporated into the implementation of system components. In this paper, we propose an optimized traceability analysis method which is based on the means-ends and whole-part concept of the approach for cognitive systems engineering to trace these safety requirements. A system consists of hardware, software, and humans according to a whole-part decomposition. The safety requirements of a system and its components are enforced or implemented through a means-ends lifecycle. To provide evidence of the safety of a system, the means-ends and whole-part traceability analysis method will optimize the creation of safety evidence from the safety requirements, safety analysis results, and other system artifacts produced through a lifecycle. These sources of safety evidence have a causal (cause-consequence) relationship between each other. The failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), the hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP), and the fault tree analysis (FTA) techniques are generally used for safety analysis of systems and their components. These techniques cover the causal relations in a safety analysis. The causal relationships in the proposed method make it possible to trace the safety requirements through the safety analysis results and system artifacts. We present the proposed approach with an example, and described the usage of TRACE and NuSRS tools to apply the approach.     

Tracing manufacturing processes using blockchain-based token compositions

Supply chain traceability is one of the most promising use cases to benefit from characteristics of blockchain, such as decentralization, immutability and transparency, not required to build prior trust relationships among entities. A plethora of supply chain traceability solutions based on blockchain has been proposed recently. However, current systems are limited to tracing simple goods that have not been part of the manufacturing process. We recommend a method that allows for the traceability of manufactured goods, including their components. Products are represented using non-fungible digital tokens that are created on a blockchain for each batch of manufactured products. To create a link between a product and the components that are needed to produce it, we propose “token recipes” that define the amount of tokenized goods required for minting a new token. As input tokens are automatically and transparently consumed when creating a product token, the physical process of producing a new item out of existing components is projected onto the ledger. This ultimately leads to the complete traceability of goods, including the origin of inputs. Evaluating the performance of the system, we show that a prototypical implementation for the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) scales linearly with the amount of the input and goods tracked.     

基于Petri网的表贴产品质量溯源建模

表贴产品生产通常需要经过多阶段加工,加工过程中的质量信息参数多样且在多道工序间传递累积,且存在耦合关系。为了确保表贴产品的产品质量,提出了一种基于Petri网的质量溯源模型。首先分析实际企业车间信息、质量特征信息与工艺流程信息。然后对制造过程进行工序模块化建模,对每一道工序进行层次化建模,对产品制造过程中易导致产品质量失控的关键加工参数进行统计。同时提出质量评价指标的表达式,对导致关键加工质量源、加工工序及关键设备节点进行量化;最后以某企业表贴加工过程为研究对象,验证了模型的有效性,该模型可溯源加工过程中的关键薄弱节点及其质量源,确定需重点监测与改进的加工工序及设备节点。     

污水处理厂在线监测仪表校准方法初探

在确定工艺运行正常的前提条件下,如果仪表在线监测指标与工艺(或化验室抽检指标)不符合时,污水处理企业需对在线监测仪表进行校准。需介绍了污水处理企业在线监测仪表在线校准的方法。     

基于RFID技术的有机蔬菜追溯管理系统

本研究利用RFID技术采集有机蔬菜在育种、种植、施肥、田间、检测、采收、物流和配送等各个环节的数据,并使用Microsoft Visual Studio 2010开发工具和Microsft SQL Server 2008大型数据库管理系统,开发出了结合农业企业自身特点的有机蔬菜追溯管理系统。通过该系统,顾客不仅能够追溯到有机蔬菜整个生产过程的详细信息,而且可以直接在线购买到有机蔬菜;有机蔬菜的销售店铺可以管理店铺中的各种有机蔬菜并处理顾客的订单;农业企业可以监控有机蔬菜生产各个环节的情况,并管理顾客和店铺的各种信息。该系统不仅能提高农业企业自身的食品安全管理水平,而且能促进整个农业产业的健康发展。     

Development and evaluation of the calibration facility for high-pressure hydrogen gas flow meters

The calibration facility with the multi-nozzle calibrator was developed for the calibration of flow meters to be used with high-pressure, high-flow-rate hydrogen gas. The critical nozzles installed in the multi-nozzle calibrator were calibrated with traceability to the national standard. The relative standard uncertainty of the mass flow rates produced from the calibration facility is 0.09% when the flow rate is between 150 g/min and 550 g/min. In this study, the Coriolis flow meter was calibrated for a pressure range of 15–35 MPa. The relative standard uncertainty of the flow rates obtained from the Coriolis flow meter was 0.44% for the case of the worst fluctuations in the output of the flow meter; based on the calibration curve, this is 0.91%. The present result shows that there is a maximum 3% difference between the output of the Coriolis flow meter and the mass flow rates of the multi-nozzle calibrator, even though the Coriolis flow meter was calibrated using water. Therefore, for the development of a calibration facility that can calibrate a flow meter under the same conditions as those encountered in actual use, it will be important to develop a new flow meter.     

基于物联网技术和生物传感器技术的 蔬菜质量安全溯源系统研究

目的结合我国目前农药残留问题对蔬菜质量安全的威胁,分析当前溯源体系的发展现状,并提出一套蔬菜质量安全专用溯源系统。方法该系统由具有无线数据通讯功能的农药残留检测设备、检测系统监控平台、溯源信息共享及监管平台组成。农药残留检测设备应用生物传感器技术和嵌入式技术发开,乙酰胆碱酯酶生物传感器作为农药残留检测设备的专用传感器,检测系统监控平台使用虚拟仪器技术开发,通过前台网页专业模块和后台数据库建立溯源信息共享及监管平台。结果本系统集农药残留多通道检测、检测设备监控、检测信息共享、消费者信息反馈功能于一体,使用radio frequency identification(RFID)和quick response(QR)二维条码相结合的溯源模式实现信息的追溯和共享。结论本系统为政府和消费者提供了一个有效的监管和质量追溯平台,可实现对蔬菜市场的规范和高效管理。     

基于数据库技术构建茶叶全产业链质量可追溯体系应用研究

目的设计开发基于数据库技术的茶叶质量安全追溯系统,并在云南双江勐库茶叶有限责任公司实际运用实施。方法通过对公司茶叶产业链分析,运用数据库技术,建立包括茶园原料基地管理、原料采购管理、精加工管理、库存管理、销售管理等不同权限的登录终端的追溯平台手机APP以及相对应电脑数据库,并将该追溯信息采集系统在企业生产链各部门实际运用。结果企业生产链上各部门通过追溯信息采集系统,打通了生产链上各环节信息壁垒,形成了全产业链中的信息链并进行长效监控体系。结论通过追溯系统的建立,实现了原料端、生产端、运输端、流通端到终端等环节的无缝连接,提高了生产效率,确保了产品质量。