施氮、钾和钼对菠菜不同生长阶段硝态氮积累影响研究初报

采用盆栽试验研究了肥料(氮、钾、钼)互作对菠菜不同生长阶段硝态氮积累的影响。结果表明,施肥对菠菜硝态氮积累的影响整体表现为:柄叶,老叶新叶;与生长前期相比,收获期各部位中硝态氮含量均有下降趋势。不施氮条件下,施钼极显著或显著地降低了菠菜生长前期和收获期叶片中硝态氮含量,降幅分别为19.3%和21.4%;施氮条件下,施钼仅显著降低了菠菜生长前期叶片中硝态氮含量,降幅达21.2%。在本试验条件下,单施钼比钼钾配施更有利于降低菠菜叶片中硝态氮的含量;钾与钼营养的相互效应,以及钾与钼之间如何平衡,似乎是影响施钼效果的关键。     

柠檬酸提取法测定土壤有效钼的估价

盆裁试验和室内化学分析结果表明,采用pH3.3的柠檬酸缓冲溶液对土壤钼的测定值与蔬菜吸钼间取得了良好相关性,r=0.851^**(n=22)达到极显著水准。而常用的酸性草酸铵提取法测得的土壤钼与蔬菜增产率之间却相关性不大,原因在于酸性草酸铵提取土壤钼的强度过大,从而夸大了土壤钼的有效量。而柠檬酸提取法避免了这一现象。     

硼、钼元素对苜蓿种子的增产效果

采用质量分数为0.4%、0.6%、0.8%的硼砂和0.05%、0.07%、0.09%的钼酸铵在苜蓿Medicago sativa的现蕾期、初花期、盛花期进行叶面喷施。试验结果表明:硼、钼对苜蓿种子增产及种子形成因素有明显效应。其中以质量分数为0.05%的钼酸铵处理对苜蓿种子增产效果最明显,产量增加35%;每花序结荚数增加54.37%,分枝数增加10.96%,荚果种子粒数增加35.68%。硼砂以质量分数为0.8%的处理效果较好,种子产量增产15.56%。     

钼对滇重楼生长、养分和总皂甙含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,设4个施钼水平,即0、0.2、0.4、0.8 mg/kg,研究了施钼对滇重楼生长、养分元素含量和根茎总皂甙含量的影响。结果表明,与不施钼相比,施钼显著提高了滇重楼株高、光合速率、生物量和根茎产量,分别以0.4、0.2、0.4、0.2mg/kg处理最高。中低施钼水平（0.2、0.4mg/kg）下,叶和新根茎氮含量呈增加的趋势,高施钼水平（0.8mg/kg）可显著降低叶和新根茎氮含量;施钼降低了叶和新根茎中的磷含量,但增加了地上茎中的磷含量;施钼增加了叶中钾含量,但降低了茎中钾含量。各施钼处理叶、地上茎、新根茎中钼含量均显著高于不施钼处理;随施钼水平的增加,各部位钼含量呈先增加后降低的趋势。与不施钼相比,各施钼处理新根茎中总皂甙含量显著增加,以Mo 0.8 mg/kg处理最高。综合考虑滇重楼生长、药用部位生物量累积、钼和总皂甙含量,本试验条件下,以施Mo 0.2～0.4 mg/kg较为适宜。     

超声波溶样、APDC-MIBK萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中有效钼的研究

研究石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中有效钼,采用超声波溶样,APDC-M IBK萃取,抗坏血酸作基体改进剂.实际样品加标回收率为95%~105%,相对标准偏差为:1.35%.与其他方法比较具有快速、准确、灵敏、干扰小、操作简单、重现性好等特点,结果令人满意,值得推广。     

太湖地区不同土壤-森林生态系统中林木生长对微量元素的反应及反馈效应

Vector analysis technique and ecological sequential comparison methods were adopted to study tree growth response to the micronutrients,B,Mo,Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn,in soils derived from various parent materials in the forest area of Tailhu Lake region in southeast China,The results showed that the dry weight of individual current-year needle of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) grown on the soil derived from granite parent rock was increased by 8% and 13% in comparison with that grown on the soils derived from sandstone and ash-tuff parent rock,respectively.And such dry weight of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) grown on the soil derived from sandstone parent rock was increased by 21% in comparison with that on the soil derived from ash-tuff parent rock.One of the reasons for those results was that micronutrients content in the soil derived from ash-tuff parent rock were not sufficient to meet the requirement of the growth of Chinese fir and loblolly pine ,i.e.,micronutrients in soil were deficient and/or induced defiient.The amounts of Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn uptake by Chinses fir and loblolly pine were in agreement with the contents of available micronutrients in soil respectively,except for B and Mo.Meanwhile,there might exist and “antagonism“ between the uptake of B versus Mo by trees,although more studies are needed to confirm it .Regression analysis indicated that amount of a soil available micronutrient was correlated to the type of parent material and its total amount in the forest floor, except for B.The F test identified that the correlation of each equation reached the significant level to different extents,respectively,The t test confirmed that amount of available forms was mainly depended on the type of parent material for Mo,Cu,Zn and Mn but on the forest floor for ,Fe,There was a feedback effect of forest stand on the amount of soil available micronutrients.The ability of accumulating available micronutrients in soil was better by the sawtooth oak(Quercus acutissima) stand than by the Chinese fir stand (except for B).The ability of accumulating available Zn,Fe,Mn and Mo in soil was better by the Chinese fir stand than by the loblolly pine stand ,while as for available B and Cu,by the latter was better than by the former,When discussing the efect of forest stand on the amount of soil available micronutrients,not only the amount of micronutrient in the forest floor and the parent materials but also the amount of micronutrient taken up by current-year needles have to be considered.     

基体改良效应石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定植物样品中微量钼

本文研究利用460μg/mlNa_2CO _3—1000μg/mlCa_(2+)复合溶液作石墨炉原子吸收法(GFAAS)直接测定植物样品中微量钼的基体改良剂,详细讨论了该改良剂的作用、特性、钼原子化条件和基体干扰情况。使用本试验推荐的基体改良剂,在一定的浓度范围内能彻底消除钼的记忆效应,大大提高测定灵敏度,钼的原子吸收信号增加104.6％,特征性浓度为0.5ng/mlMo,相对偏差(RSD)为2.4％。     

土壤中的钼及其植物效应的研究进展

从土壤中钼的含量和分布、土壤钼的存在形态、有效钼和有效性、钼的吸附和解吸、土壤钼的迁移和淋洗、植物中的钼及对钼的吸收、钼在植物体内的移动、钼在植物体内的生物功能及植物中钼缺乏和中毒等方面综述了土壤中的钼及其植物效应的研究进展。     

影响安徽省土壤中有效钼含量的因素研究

试验结果表明，影响安徽省土壤有效钼含量的因素主要有：（１）成土母质的影响：硅质页岩和湖积物发育的土壤有效钼含量最高，其平均值分别为０．１７６和０．１５７μｇ／ｇ；而黄土沉积物，黄土古河（湖）沉积物及紫色砂岩发育的土壤有效钼含量最低，平均为０．００５－０．０７０μｇ／ｇ，此类母质发育的土壤有９０％的有效钼都在临界值０．１５μｇ／ｇ以下。（２）水，旱种植不同的影响：统计了１４０个种植水稻的水稻土壤有效