衰老过程中海马回路突触及其可塑性特异性改变

衰老表现为增龄性的记忆力减退和缺失。传统观点认为衰老时表现出的认知障碍是由于神经元丧失所致，目前的观点认为突触特定回路的结构和受体以及突触可塑性在衰老过程中发生的选择性改变可能与记忆和认知能力减退密切相关。     

皮质下缺血性血管性疾病的MTHFR基因多态性

目的研究皮质下缺血性血管性疾病(subcortical ischemic vascualar disease,SIVD)与N5,N10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)基因C677T多态性的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术和限制性酶切片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)分析技术检测46例SIVD患者和43名正常人的MTHFR基因C677T多态性。结果 SIVD组T/T型、C/T型基因频率分别为36.96%、34.78%,分别高于对照组(20.93%、23.26%)。SIVD组T等位基因频率明显高于对照组(分别为54.35%、32.56%,P0.01)。T/T型、C/T型患SIVD风险度较C/C型分别高3.487倍(95%CI,1.1217～9.993)和2.954倍(95%CI,1.045～8.350)。结论 MTHFR基因T等位基因可能是SIVD的遗传易感因子,而C等位基因则具有一定保护作用,MTHFR基因C677T点突变与SIVD发病密切相关。     

神经生物学专业《神经系统解剖学》课程改革初探（摘要）

依据生物系学生的培养目标及我院专业课教学体系实际需要,结合教学实践,本文就我院开设的神经系统解剖学(Anatomy of Nervous System)课程的教学内容、实施形式、教材体系等进行的改革作一初步探讨.     

Observation of the density and size of cells in hippocampus and vascular lesion in thalamus of GFAP-apoE transgenic mice

Objective  Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is associated with increased risk of age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The present study aims to investigate the age-related general morphological changes of the brain in GFAP-apoE transgenic mice, especially the alterations in number and size of hippocampal pyramidal cells and the microvascular lesions in the thalamus. Methods  Nine female apoE4/4 mice were divided into 3 groups (n=3 in each group): 3–4 months (young group), 9–10 months (middle-aged group) and 20–21 months (old group). Age-matched apoE3/3 mice were employed as control group (n=3 in each group). The paraffin sections of brain tissue were stained by 2 conventional staining methods, thionin staining and hematoxylin-esion(HE) staining, the former of which was to observe the hippocampal cells, while the latter was used to examine the brain microvasculature. Results  There was no apparent difference in the cortical layer between apoE3/3 and apoE4/4 mice, neither any significant difference in the number of cells in hippocampal CA1–CA3 subfields between apoE3/3 and apoE4/4 mice at various age points (P > 0.05). However, the mean size of pyramidal cells in CA1 subfield in apoE3/3 and apoE4/4 mice decreased as mice were getting older (P < 0.001). At the age of 20–21 months, this cellular atrophy in apoE4/4 mice was more severe than that in old apoE3/3 mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, microvascular lesion in the thalamus was detected in all the 3 old apoE4/4 mice, at varying degrees (5.24%, 1.41% and 3.97%, respectively), while only one apoE3/3 mouse exhibited microvascular lesion in the thalamus, at a low level (0.85%). Conclusion  The current study suggests that the cell size in hippocampal CA1 subfield decreases with aging, irrespective of apoE genotype. Cellular atrophy in CA1 subfield and the microvascular lesion in the thalamus are both more severe in old apoE4/4 mice as compared with those in age-matched apoE3/3 mice. Doubts still exist on whether the decreased cell size in hippocampal CA1 subfield in old apoE4/4 mice is associated with dysfunction in learning and memory and whether the microvascular lesions indicate a higher risk of stroke in human apoE4 allele mice. To clarify these issues, further investigations are needed.      

临检标本中洋葱假单胞菌的鉴定

洋葱假单胞菌作为条件致病菌日益受到人们重视.现将我院分离到的7株洋葱假单胞菌报告如下.1 材料与方法1.1 材料临检标本均来自住院患者,包括儿童及成年人.     

儿童亚临床甲状腺功能减退症对智力的影响及替代治疗的价值

目的探讨儿童亚临床甲状腺功能减退症（SCH）患者伴有智力损害情况及甲状腺激素替代治疗的价值。方法运用中国韦氏儿童智力量表（C—WISC）检测30例初诊原发性儿童SCH患者和30例正常对照者的智力水平甲状腺激素水平。其中30名患者随机分为左旋甲状腺素片治疗组和安慰剂组，干预半年后重复上述检测。结果服药前SCH患者TT3，TT4、FT3，FT4水平和智力量表测验分值显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。服药前后替代治疗组的分类、领悟、编码、知识、填图、言语量表、全量表总分（P〈0．05）的分值增加幅度显著高于安慰剂组。半年后，替代治疗组操作量表各分测验和领悟分值仍低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）；而安慰剂治疗后有10个分测验分值显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论儿童SCH患者存在智力损害，替代治疗有助于智力水平尤其是言语能力的恢复。     

介绍一种临床细菌学的检查程序纪录单

当县以上医院广泛开展临床细菌学检验并取得很大成绩的今天,在从事细菌学诊断过程中,如何操作,如何鉴定,还缺乏规范,即使如&lt;全国临床检验操作规程&gt;,也没有具体的方案可供参考.为了提高细菌学诊断的准确性和细菌检验培养的阳性率,根据多年来工作实践,拟定了一种&lt;临床细菌学检查程序记录单&gt;(简称记录单),供同道们参考.……     

衰老过程中海马特定回路突触及其可塑性的选择性改变

衰老表现为显著的记忆力减退和缺失.因为海马是事件记忆的必要部分,传统观点认为衰老时海马内神经元丧失与记忆障碍关系密切.近几年研究提出正常衰老过程中海马内神经元丧失并不显著,不足以引起海马依赖性记忆损伤.突触的变化与记忆损害密切相关,但衰老时不出现突触成分和结构广泛性丧失.目前研究发现海马突触特定回路-穿通纤维通路和突触回路上兴奋性谷氨酸受体以及海马突触可塑性的选择性改变与记忆损伤有一定的关联.     

丘脑束旁核与痛觉调制

近年来采用辣根过氧化物酶标记法和电生理学方法研究神经元之间的联系表明:丘脑束旁核可接受广泛的传入投射,并与许多痛觉调制结构具有密切的机能上的联系。从而使人们对丘脑束旁核在痛觉调制中的作用有了新的认识。形态学方面的研究以往认为束旁核只是丘脑髓板内核群中一团密集深染的梭形小细胞。但自1976年以     

昼夜静息-活动、睡眠-觉醒节律的年龄相关性变化

目的：研究年龄和性别对于昼夜静息－活动，睡眠－觉醒节街（circadian rest-activity,sleep-wake rhythms)的影响。方法：使用静息－活动监测仪（actigraphy)和睡眠日志调查不同年龄段的健康人在自然环境下的睡眠与活动。结果：昼夜静息－活动，睡眠－觉醒节律在不同性别间差异无显著性，而在不同年龄组间差异有显著性，具体表现在老年组的实际，睡眠时间（AST）减少，睡眠效益（SE）降低，夜间觉醒次数（WN），日间打盹次数（NN）和节律破碎指数（FI）增加。此外，在昼夜静息－活动节律中老年组的日间变异指数（IV）和夜间活动水平（L5）增加，而活动苍律振幅（AMP）降低。结论：老年人的昼夜睡眠－觉醒、静息、活动节律较青年人衰弱并且破碎性增加, 性别对睡眠及活动节律无影响。