Review of clinical characteristics,immune responses and regulatory mechanisms of hepatitis E-associated liver failure

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute liver failure (LF) and one of the most common factors causing acute injury in acute-on-chronic LF (ACLF). When HEV-related LF occurs, a series of changes take place in both the intrahepatic environment and extrahepatic microenvironment. The changed types and distribution of immune cells (infiltrating macrophages and increased lymphocytes) in liver tissue, as well the increased proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the blood, indicate that the occurrence and progression of HEV-related LF are closely related to immune imbalance. The clinical features and immune reaction in the body during HEV-related acute LF (ALF) and ACLF are complicated. This review highlights recent progress in elucidating the clinical manifestations of HEV-associated ALF and ACLF and discusses the corresponding systemic immune changes and possible regulatory mechanisms.     

Top advances of the year: Hepatobiliary cancers

This commentary reviews top advances in hepatobiliary cancer research in 2021–2022, focusing on leveraging immunotherapeutics in combination with other therapies earlier in the disease course and targeted to patient's individualized biomarkers that may predict response or resistance to checkpoint inhibitors.     

扶正化瘀方含药血清对肝星状细胞activinA/smad信号通路活化的影响

目的　探讨扶正化瘀方含药血清对肝星状细胞（HSC）激活素A（activinA）/smad信号通路活化的影响。方法　20只SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为对照组及扶正化瘀（Fzhy）-低、中、高剂量含药血清组，每组5只，分别以蒸馏水，0.75、1.5、3.0 g/kg扶正化瘀溶液（扶正化瘀胶囊药物粉末与蒸馏水配制）灌胃1次/d，连续3 d，取血制备空白血清（对照组）和含药血清。以大鼠HSC-T6细胞为研究对象，分别用5%、10%、20%体积分数的各组含药血清培养细胞。CCK-8检测细胞存活率，选取细胞存活率在50%左右的体积分数重新分为对照组及Fzhy-低、中、高剂量组。流式细胞术检测细胞周期及凋亡率、线粒体膜电位变化和活性氧（ROS）水平；实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测细胞中activinA、smad3、samd7、核因子（NF）-κB的mRNA水平；蛋白质印迹法检测细胞中activinⅡA受体（ActRⅡA）、smad3、NF-κB p65、胱天蛋白酶（caspase）-3的蛋白水平。结果　各扶正化瘀含药血清组的细胞存活率均低于对照组（P＜0.05），选择体积分数为10%的含药血清进行后续实验。对照组和各扶正化瘀方含药血清组细胞周期和凋亡率差异均无统计学意义。对照组及Fzhy-低、中、高剂量组细胞内ROS水平及线粒体膜电位水平降低比例逐次升高（P＜0.05）。与对照组比较，Fzhy-中、高剂量组smad3 mRNA表达水平降低，smad7 mRNA升高，Fzhy-低、中、高剂量组NF-κB、activinA mRNA，smad3、NF-κB p65、ActRⅡA蛋白表达水平降低，Fzhy-低剂量组、中剂量组caspase-3蛋白表达水平升高（P＜0.05）；与Fzhy-低剂量组相比，Fzhy-中、高剂量组smad3 mRNA表达水平降低，Fzhy-中剂量组activinA及smad7 mRNA升高（P＜0.05）。结论　扶正化瘀方含药血清可通过影响HSC-T6细胞增殖、参与细胞的氧化应激以及调节细胞activinA/smad信号转导通路来实现抗纤维化作用。     

健脾益肝方对非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者脂肪分布及脂代谢的影响

目的:探讨健脾益肝方对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者脂肪分布及脂代谢的影响。方法:将80例NAFLD患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各40例。两组患者均在多学科联合管理下给予个体化的饮食、运动等生活方式指导,治疗组患者在此基础上加用健脾益肝方,疗程均为3个月。通过生物电阻抗技术测量患者治疗前后脂肪质量及分布,定期监测肝肾功能、血脂指标。比较两组患者肥胖、脂肪分布、血脂指标变化。结果:治疗组患者有效率为97.5%,明显高于对照组的82.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者BMI、BFP、WHR、TC、TG及LDL-C水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);治疗组患者躯干及内脏脂肪沉积改善明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:生活方式干预联合健脾益肝方治疗NAFLD患者能显著改善患者的肥胖及脂代谢紊乱,并且与躯干和内脏脂肪质量的下降密切相关。     

Analysis on internal mechanism of zedoary turmeric in treatment of liver cancer based on pharmacodynamic substances and pharmacodynamic groups

Zedoary tumeric (Curcumae Rhizoma, Ezhu in Chinese) has a long history of application and has great potential in the treatment of liver cancer. The anti liver cancer effect of zedoary tumeric depends on the combined action of multiple pharmacodynamic substances. In order to clarify the specific mechanism of zedoary tumeric against liver cancer, this paper first analyzes the mechanism of its single pharmacodynamic substance against liver cancer, and then verifies the joint anti liver cancer mechanism of its "pharmacodynamic group". By searching the research on the anti hepatoma effect of active components of zedoary tumeric in recent years, we found that pharmacodynamic substances, including curcumol, zedoarondiol, curcumenol, curzerenone, curdione, curcumin, germacrone, β-elemene, can act on multi-target and multi-channel to play an anti hepatoma role. For example, curcumin can regulate miR, GLO1, CD133, VEGF, YAP, LIN28B, GPR81, HCAR-1, P53 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, HSP70/TLR4 and NF-κB. Wnt/TGF/EMT, Nrf2/Keap1, JAK/STAT and other pathways play an anti hepatoma role. Network pharmacological analysis showed that the core targets of the "pharmacodynamic group" for anti-life cancer are AKT1, EGFR, MAPK8, etc, and the core pathways are neuroactive live receiver interaction, nitrogen metabolism, HIF-1 signaling pathway, etc. At the same time, by comparing and analyzing the relationship between the specific mechanisms of pharmacodynamic substance and "pharmacodynamic group", it is found that they have great reference significance in target, pathway, biological function, determination of core pharmacodynamic components, formation of core target protein interaction, in-depth research of single pharmacodynamic substance, increasing curative effect and so on. By analyzing the internal mechanism of zedoary tumeric pharmacodynamic substance and "pharmacodynamic group" in the treatment of liver cancer, this paper intends to provide some ideas and references for the deeper pharmacological research of zedoary tumeric and the relationship between pharmacodynamic substance and "pharmacodynamic group".     

肝内胆管癌多学科综合治疗优化选择

肝内胆管癌（ICC）作为第二常见的肝脏恶性肿瘤，虽然R0根治性切除是首选的可治愈方法，但ICC诊断时仅12%～40%病人可获得手术根治的机会，手术后5年存活率也仅为25%～40%。通过辅助化疗和区域治疗降期后可使部分晚期ICC病人获得行根治性手术或肝移植的机会。靶向药物和免疫治疗作为有益的补充，对于有基因突变作用靶点的选择性病人可能会延长生存期。以肝胆外科为主，包含影像科、病理科、肿瘤化疗科、放疗科和介入科的多学科诊疗团队，通过多学科讨论模式，结合病人具体病情，采取个体化、综合化的治疗手段，才能使ICC病人获得最优化的治疗选择。     

左、右半结肠癌肝转移患者射频消融治疗疗效及生存的对比分析

目的:探讨原发部位分别位于左、右半结肠的结肠癌肝转移患者行超声引导下肝转移瘤射频消融术后的生存差异及预后影响因素分析。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年12月于我科行射频消融治疗的结肠癌肝转移患者100例，其中左半结肠癌62例，右半结肠癌38例，分析原发部位不同的结肠癌肝转移患者在进行超声引导下射频消融治疗后的生存情况。结果:左半结肠癌肝转移患者射频消融术后1、3、5年总体生存率及中位生存期均高于右半结肠癌肝转移患者（88.71% vs 73.68%、62.90% vs 30.02%、49.72% vs 26.33%、55个月 vs 23个月），且二者生存曲线差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。经Log-rank检验及COX多因素分析，左、右半结肠癌肝转移患者射频消融治疗术后的生存情况存在差异。此外，原发灶淋巴结转移情况、患者术前CA199水平及原发灶分化程度是患者射频消融治疗术后生存情况的影响因素。结论:左半结肠癌肝转移患者射频消融术后整体生存率明显高于右半结肠癌肝转移患者，左半结肠癌与右半结肠癌肝转移患者在射频消融治疗术后生存状况存在明显差异。     

miR-145调控肝癌腹水模型Th9细胞升高的机制研究

目的:探讨miR-145调控肝癌腹水模型Th9细胞升高的作用机制。方法:构建小鼠H22肝癌腹水模型。造模两周后处死小鼠并分离出脾脏组织，流式细胞术分析肝癌腹水组（MA组）与正常对照组（Control 组）小鼠脾脏Th9细胞表达水平。ELISA法检测脾脏IL-9表达水平。RT-PCR法检测脾脏miR-145表达水平。Western Blot法检测脾脏中PI3K/Akt/mTOR/P70S6K/HIF-1α相关蛋白表达水平。分选小鼠脾脏CD4+T细胞，随机分为miR-145 mimics组和NC组，分别应用miR-145-5P mimics、阴性对照寡核苷酸（negative control，NC）进行转染，RT-PCR检测各组miR-145、HIF-1α mRNA及IL-9 mRNA表达水平。结果:与Control 组相比，MA组Th9细胞及其细胞因子IL-9表达均升高（P<0.05），miR-145表达降低（P<0.05），p-PI3K、p-Akt、mTOR、p-mTOR、p-P70S6K、HIF-1α蛋白均升高（P<0.05）。与NC组相比，miR-145 mimics组miR-145显著升高，HIF-1α mRNA及IL-9 mRNA表达下降。结论:肝癌腹水中Th9细胞升高可能与miR-145下降导致的PI3K/Akt/mTOR/P70S6K/HIF-1α通路激活有关。