院前急救物资管理方法的探讨

目的探讨院前急救物资管理的有效方法。方法根据本地区院前急救的疾病谱,按上级主管部门的规定,配备相应的急救物资,应用“五常法”的基本理论,采用个人负责、三级检查、持续改进的综合管理方法。结果通过以上管理方法,能及时发现问题,及时处理,有效地减少院前急救物资在使用方面存在的问题。结论实施综合管理方法,有利于提高院前急救的质量。     

院前急救中医疗纠纷防范

目的 :防范院前急救中医疗纠纷。方法 :在急诊急救活动中严格规章制度 ,树立高度责任心 ,主动争取救治时间 ,积极抢救观察 ,言行规范恰当 ,注意收费技巧等环节。结果 :院前急救中纠纷减少。结论 :院前急救呼叫紧急 ,对医务人员要求高 ,急诊急救人员应急病人所急 ,想病人所想 ,尽力满足病员多方面的需求 ,避免或减少医疗纠纷。     

张力性气胸野战救护装置的研制及其实验效果

目的设计制作张力性气胸（tension pneumothorax，TPT）野战救护装置并验证其对张力性气胸的救治效果。方法自行设计并制备张力性气胸野战救护装置，以犬为实验动物，将32只犬随机分为4组，每组8只，采用改进的Rutherford的张力性气胸动物模型制作方法制作张力性气胸动物模型，第1组不给予任何干预措施，第2组采取穿刺减压法，第3组采用胸腔闭式引流装置，第4组采用新装置治疗张力性气胸，在干预前及干预后0．5、1、3、6hN定指标：4-dp／dtmax、-dp／dtmax、LVSP、LVEDP、MAP、HR、RR、pH、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2。结果模型制备成功后6h，第1组动物存活率为75％，其余3组存活率为100％。第2组的操作时间少于与第3、4组，第4组的操作时间少于第3组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。干预后6h，第3组与第2组相比，除MAP、pH、PaCO2外，其余指标均与第2组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；第4组与第2组相比，除HR、MAP、pH、PaCO2外，其余指标均与第2组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论张力性气胸野战救护装置治疗张力性气胸的效果和临床常用的胸腔闭式引流装置无差别，且携带方便、操作简单、可用于自救互救、适合在野战复杂的环境及平时的院前急救中使用。     

全数字和模拟助听器听力补偿效果的对比研究

目的：比较三种峰力大功率助听器在重度以上听力障碍患者言语康复中对声音的感知、辨别和主观感觉的影响。方法：以助听听阈、Ling‘s 6音分辨率、患者的主观感觉为指标比较三种助听器在声音的感知、辨别、舒适程度方面的差别。结果：411、412较PPC-2在5个频率的助听听闻均有显著降低。411助听与PPC-2助听时元音的分辨率比较差异无显著性意义；而辅音分辨率有显著改善。PPC-2助听与412助听时的分辨率比较只有[u]差异无显著性意义，其余5音412助听时的分辨率有显著提高。而411与412助听状态下Ling‘s 6音分辨率差异尤显著性意义。主观评价：患者感觉411、412较PPC-2好。结论：大功率数字助听器峰力411、412对于重度听力损失以上的患者较传统助听器PPC-2有更好的助听效果。     

武警部队部分医护人员复合伤急救知识现状调查

目的了解武警部队医护人员对复合性损伤急救知识掌握程度。方法采用问卷调查法,根据战伤救治标准、第四版医疗护理技术操作常规及相关参考文献自行设计问卷,对相关医院的医护人员进行调查,并将调查结果用SPSS统计软件进行分析。结果医护人员对急救知识的掌握程度与复合伤知识相比较,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);且在护士群体中,不受学历、工作年限和职称的影响,急救知识掌握程度普遍好于复合伤知识;医生与护士相比较,对于急救知识的掌握程度无显著性差异(P>0.05),而对复合伤知识掌握程度医生好于护士(P<0.05)。结论部队医院的医护人员对于复合伤知识掌握欠缺,应建立有效的培训机制,对医护人员尤其是护理人员进行复合伤知识的培训。     

腹腔海水浸泡伤战地救治的早期效果观察

目的　观察野战环境战地救治对腹腔海水浸泡伤实验犬生存的影响。方法　杂种犬 15只 ,随机均分为对照组 (A组 )、生理盐水救治组 (B组 )及综合救治组 (C组 ) ,观察每一组腹腔海水浸泡后的存活时间及血浆渗透压、乳酸水平变化。结果　①C组平均存活时间 (5 8h)显著长于A(2 4h)、B(4 1h)两组 (P <0 0 1) ;②腹腔海水浸泡后 1hC组血浆渗透压(36 6 1± 8 4 )mmol/L、乳酸 (8 9± 1 8)mmol/L水平均显著低于A组〔分别为 (374 3± 11 2 )mmol/L、(12 4± 3 1)mmol/L〕(P <0 0 5 ) ,B组乳酸 (10 3± 2 1)mmol/L水平也显著低于A组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;腹腔海水浸泡后 3hC组乳酸 (9 1± 1 7)mmol/L水平显著低于B组 (11 4± 1 9)mmol/L(P <0 0 5 )。结论　腹腔海水浸泡伤战地早期补入低张胶体液及进行腹腔清创有助于缓解机体高渗状态 ,改善机体代谢 ,延长创伤动物生命。     

胸部创伤的急救护理体会

目的总结胸部外伤病人急救的护理经验。方法对102例胸部外伤病人实施有效的急救护理,使病情得以及时观察和控制且将并发症减少到最低程度,并使之尽快进入康复阶段。结果本组102例胸部外伤病人,经过积极有效的急救护理,痊愈101例,死亡1例。结论准确的判断,熟练的操作技术及完善的急救措施是胸部外伤病人顺利脱离危险期、稳定病情、成功康复的关键。     

Associations of collective self-help activity,health literacy and quality of life in patients with tinnitus

Objective

About 800 of the 13,000 members of the German Tinnitus Association (DTL) are active in self-help groups (SHGs). This study analyzes whether SHG-participation is associated with tinnitus-related Health Literacy (HLit) and Quality of Life (QoL).

A New Asymmetric Directional Microphone Algorithm With Automatic Mode‐Switching Ability for Binaural Hearing Support Devices

For hearing support devices, it is important to minimize the negative effect of ambient noises for speech recognition but also, at the same time, supply natural ambient sounds to the hearing‐impaired person. However, conventional fixed bilateral asymmetric directional microphone (DM) algorithms cannot perform in such a way when the DM‐mode device and a dominant noise (DN) source are placed on the same lateral hemisphere. In this study, a new binaural asymmetric DM algorithm that can overcome the defects of conventional algorithms is proposed. The proposed algorithm can estimate the position of a specific DN in the 90°–270° range and switch directional‐ and omnidirectional‐mode devices automatically if the DM‐mode device and the DN are placed in opposite lateral hemispheres. Computer simulation and KEMAR mannequin recording tests demonstrated that the performance of the conventional algorithm deteriorated when the DM‐mode device and the DN were placed in the opposite hemisphere; in contrast, the performance of the proposed algorithm was consistently maintained regardless of directional variations in the DN. Based on these experimental results, the proposed algorithm may be able to improve speech quality and intelligibility for hearing‐impaired persons who have similar degrees of hearing impairment in both ears.     

A content analysis of scald first aid information on Chinese websites

ObjectiveWith the rapid development of networks in China, the Internet has become an important source of first aid information for scalds. As a country with the largest population, there are a large number of scald cases every year in China. The content analysis of websites aimed to assess the accuracy and quality of the information on scalds available on Chinese websites.MethodsUsing keywords related to scald in the most popular Chinese search engines, 19 sites were eventually selected for evaluation based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These websites were assessed on quality and content accuracy by using HONcode, DISCERN, and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) evaluation scales, and a modified evaluation system based on the system developed by J.D. Burgess. The evaluation was completed by a 5-person evaluation team. The subjective items were reviewed by five independent reviewers. The objective items were recorded by one reviewer, then another checked the results.ResultsUsing “scald first aid,” “scald treatment,” and “scald blister” to search on Baidu, Sougou, and Haosou, a total of 180 websites were recorded. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 websites were obtained for assessment. Among them, 17 websites (89%) were established by commercial companies. Of the remaining two websites, one was created by a government agency and the other was created by a non-profit organization. The mean total HONcode score, DISCERN score, PEMAT (understandability) score, PEMAT (actionability) score, content accuracy score, and website quality score were 5.19 ± 1.09 out of 8; 52.63 ± 3.69 out of 80; 68%; 56%; 5.05 ± 1.47 out of 8; and 6.11 out of 12, respectively. The scores of the government agency website are better than that of commercial websites.ConclusionThe websites established by government agencies and non-profit organizations are few, and most of the websites are established by commercial companies. Compared with the government agency website, these commercial websites contain many advertisements, and their website quality and accuracy need to be further improved.