NEW CRINOIDS (ECHINODERMATA) FROM THE LLANDOVERY (LOWER SILURIAN) OF THE BRITISH ISLES

Abstract:  British Llandovery crinoids remain poorly known. Three species are documented herein that were originally described, but not published, by W. H. C. Ramsbottom. Clematocrinus ramsbottomi Fearnhead sp. nov. (Tortworth Inlier, Gloucestershire; Telychian) has a heteromorphic column, N434243414342434, radices directed away from the crown, and ten long, uniserial arms with a pustular aboral sculpture and long, slender pinnules. Clematocrinus spp. are widely distributed in the Silurian of England. Ptychocrinus mullochillensis Fearnhead and Donovan sp. nov. (Girvan district, Strathclyde; Rhuddanian) is the second report of this Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian genus from outside North America. Although incompletely known, this species is distinguished by its hidden infrabasals, 20 arms and sunken interbrachial plates with a strongly stellate sculpture. Petalocrinus bifidus (Bather MS) Donovan and Fearnhead sp. nov. (Woolhope Inlier, Herefordshire; Telychian) is locally common enough to give its name to a mappable lithostratigraphic unit, the Petalocrinus Limestone. Unlike other Petalocrinus species known from the Silurian of China, northern Europe and North America, the fused arms of P. bifidus are divided in two by a proximal adoral ridge and an associated distal notch. Unlike extant crinoids, Petalocrinus probably lived as a rheophobe; the fused arms may have acted to deter predators.     

THE TENTACULITID AFFINITIES OF ANTICALYPTRAEA FROM THE SILURIAN OF BALTOSCANDIA

Abstract:  The problematic fossil Anticalyptraea Quenstedt, 1867, traditionally interpreted as a phorid gastropod, is here assigned to the Class Tentaculita. Its dextrally coiled substrate-cemented tube, bulbous initial chamber, vesicular tube wall and pseudopunctate microlamellar shell structure closely resembles Trypanopora (Tentaculita), but Anticalyptraea differs in having the cones of the pseudopunctae orientated in the opposite direction. Pseudopunctae orientated similarly to Anticalyptraea occur in Cornulites and thick-walled tentaculitids. Anticalyptraea differs from gastropods in having pseudopunctae and a vesicular shell structure.     

基于直剪试验的页岩水化作用的强度弱化规律

随着页岩气资源的不断开发,水平井段的硬脆性页岩井壁失稳问题也越来越突出。为此,通过对水基、油基钻井液浸泡后的页岩岩样直剪试验,并结合单组弱面强度理论,分析了内聚力和内摩擦角对页岩强度的影响规律以及不同钻井液浸泡后的页岩强度弱化规律。对试验数据的分析结果表明:①水基、油基钻井液浸泡后内聚力和内摩擦角均下降,其垂直层理面方向的内摩擦角和内聚力均高于平行层理面方向;②页岩强度随钻井液浸泡时长增加而降低,受水化作用影响层理面导致强度降低,微裂缝表现为更易扩展,页岩容易产生破坏;③内聚力控制页岩强度大小,内摩擦角控制页岩沿弱面破坏的范围;④水基钻井液对页岩影响较为明显,页岩受其浸泡后强度下降较快,并随浸泡时间增加页岩强度持续下降,同时沿弱面破坏的角度限明显增大,油基钻井液能较好地保持岩样强度水平。最后,以四川盆地志留系龙马溪组M气藏为例,通过水平井段坍塌压力的计算,认识到水基钻井液基本不能满足钻井要求,而应采用油基钻井液且优先考虑沿最小水平地应力方向钻进。     

再论华南志留系红层的时代

牙形刺P.eopennatus带的确立和P.celloni带、P.amorphognathoides带的细分,使华南Llandovery统的划分和对比发生了变化,以往归入P.celloni带的地层,极大多数都要归属到P.eopennatus带,层位变低。依据牙形刺生物地层的分析,溶溪组（下红层）的时代可能为埃隆期晚期,...     

柯坪露头区早志留世三角洲及碎屑海岸沉积

塔里木盆地阿克苏市柯坪露头区下志留统地层出露连续、完整,是较好的海相碎屑岩沉积露头研究区,其沉积体系类型有待进一步探讨。笔者通过多次精细的露头沉积学观察及室内研究,对柯坪露头区下志留统海相碎屑岩沉积体系类型及其特征进行了分析研究。识别出三角洲及碎屑海岸沉积(潮坪),并在该区提出了河流作用为主的三角洲和潮汐影响三角洲两种三角洲类型。柯坪塔格组主要为河流作用为主的三角洲沉积,而塔塔埃尔塔格组则主要发育潮汐影响三角洲及潮坪沉积。探讨和对比了各类型沉积体系的沉积特征及其之间的差异性。     

Late Silurian to Early Devonian Palynomorphs from Qujing, Yunnan, Southwest China

Well-preserved and diversified spores, cryptospores, and acritarchs have been recorded from a relatively continuous sequence that encompasses the Silurian–Devonian boundary in Qujing, Yunnan, southwest China. Four spore assemblage zones from Late Silurian to Early Devonian in age are proposed based on the first appearance datum (FAD) of characteristic spore species. In ascending stratigraphic order, they are Ambitisporites dilutus–Apiculiretusispora synorea (DS; Late Ludfordian to Early Pridoli), Synorisporites verrucatus–Apiculiretusispora plicata (VP; Pridoli), Apiculiretusispora minuta–Leiotriletes ornatus (MO; Lochkovian), and Verrucosisporites polygonalis–Dibolisporites wetteldorfensis (PW; Pragian). The acritarch assemblage from the upper part of the Yulongsi Formation, the Xiaxishancun Formation, and the lower–middle parts of the Xitun Formation indicates an age of Late Silurian. Based on palynological evidence, the upper part of the Yulongsi Formation is considered Late Ludfordian to Early Pridoli in age; the Xiaxishancun Formation is believed to be Pridoli in age; the Xitun Formation is considered Late Pridoli to Early Lochkovian in age; the Guijiatun Formation is considered Lochkovian in age; and the Xujiachong Formation is Late Lochkovian to Pragian in age. The Silurian-Devonian boundary is recognized between the VP and the MO spore biozones, and occurs within the middle part of the Xitun Formation.     

塔里木盆地志留纪脊椎动物的特征及其 沉积相、古环境

20世纪80年代以来,在塔里木盆地西北部柯坪—巴楚地区发现了许多志留纪脊椎动物化石,其中包括无颌类、软骨鱼类等。这些化石的发现和深入研究揭示了塔里木盆地志留纪时期的古地理位置及其格局,进一步确定了塔里木陆块在该时期的古生物地理区应属于塔里木-扬子古脊椎动物生物地理区系。记述了采自塔里木盆地中心2个钻井岩心中的3件早志留世脊椎动物化石,其中1件化石为无颌类的新科、新属、新种。同时对志留纪时期塔里木陆块的沉积特征、古环境进行了分析和探讨。上述研究为油气勘探提供了有价值的科学依据。     

鄂西渝东区志留系流体封存箱的演化与天然气成藏

因鄂西渝东区志留系勘探程度甚低,长期以来志留系一直被视为烃源层或盖层.随着建深1井在志留系钻获高压工业气流,曾经的"思维定式"发生了改变.通过对志留系油气成藏条件及碳、氧、锶稳定同位素追踪流体行为轨迹的分析认为,该区志留系具有自源供烃的特点以及流体相对封闭的独特性,这是形成志留系下统龙马溪组、小河坝组以及志留系中统韩家...     

内蒙古北山额济纳旗小红山钒钛磁铁矿床SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其意义

小红山钒钛磁铁矿床是近年内蒙古北山地区新发现的一个中型钒钛磁铁矿床,含矿辉长岩体侵位于蓟县系平头山组,岩体具全岩矿化,工业矿体主要赋存于中粗粒辉长岩中。采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年方法对小红山中粗粒辉长岩体进行了年代学研究,获得该岩体的锆石微区原位SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为424±6Ma,表明小红山钒钛磁铁矿成岩成矿事件发生于中志留世。该时期钒钛磁铁矿床的发现,揭示了北山地区早古生代处于陆缘裂谷环境,这对研究和认识北山地区地质构造演化及开展岩浆矿床找矿具有重要意义。