柴西北缘花土沟地区新近系油砂山组沉积特征及铀源分析

柴北缘花土沟地区新近系油砂山组含铀岩系为绿灰色碎屑岩沉积建造。区域内主要发育扇三角洲、滨浅湖相。含铀岩系受滨浅湖相沉积体系控制。研究区内铀源具有多源性特点,基底和盖层铀丰度较高。通过野外调查实测剖面和编录铀矿调查钻孔发现油砂山组具有泥-砂-泥结构特征,砂层厚度适宜,倾角较缓,属于宽缓的山前斜坡带,有利于含矿砂体及富氧流体进入层间,形成层间氧化带及铀的富集。     

渤海湾盆地饶阳凹陷新近系油气富集特点与主控因素

根据渤海湾盆地饶阳凹陷新近系油气成藏背景及分布特征,探讨了新近系油气富集特点与主要控制因素。研究区新近系油气来源于古近系沙一下和沙三上亚段烃源岩,平面上油气富集于主力生烃洼陷中心附近、新近纪断裂活动性较强且砂泥比适中的地区,油气呈条带状富集展布;纵向上,新近系油气主要富集于馆陶组,与下伏古近系、前古近系层系中的油气分布呈互补关系。新近系油气富集的主控因素包括：主要生烃洼陷控制油气的宏观分布格局,新近纪油源断裂活动时间和强度决定油气纵向输导能力及富集区块,古近系碎屑岩和前古近系碳酸盐岩潜山圈闭的发育影响了新近系油气的富集程度,盖层厚度和质量影响新近系油藏的含油高度。     

准噶尔盆地车排子地区新近系沙湾组层序地层格架分析

 根据陆相地层层序在地震剖面和电测曲线上的识别标志、合成记录标志以及岩石类型组合特点等方面的特征,将车排子地区新近系沙湾组划分出1个二级层序和2个三级层序。其中,层序I为辫状河三角洲层序,层序II为湖泊层序。又可以根据各层序的特点,将其分为3个体系域：低水位体系域、湖侵体系域和高水位体系域。针对研究区目的层段层序发育的特点,在层序地层单元划分和对比的基础上,结合构造背景和地层厚度的变化,展示了该区层序东南部厚度较大,发育完整,厚度稳定;西北部由于遭受剥蚀,厚度较小,层序发育不完整的格架特征。初步分析了层序与含油气性的关系,预测了不同层序的勘探重点和目标,认为层序I的低水位体系域和层序II的湖侵体系域为寻找岩性油气藏的有利部位。     

岐口凹陷新近系生物-遗迹相及环境解释

岐口凹陷新近系包括明化镇组和馆陶组.通过新近系中的孢粉、介形虫和遗迹组构的系统研究, 识别出孢粉53个属种, 并建立了两个孢粉组合, 分别为Magnastites (粗肋孢) -Ulmus (榆粉) -Taxodiaceae pollenites (杉粉) 组合和Polygonaceae-Chenopodiaceae组合; 发现介形虫12个属种, 介形类以金星介科分子为主, 少数湖花介科分子, 以壳形单一、壳壁薄、表面光滑的类型为主, 表现了典型的非海相淡水介形类面貌; 划分出4种遗迹组构类型, 分别为Scoyenia遗迹组构、Skolithos遗迹组构、Palaeophycus遗迹组构和强扰动组构.在此基础上, 探索了生物与环境的关系, 划分了A、B、C、D、E5种生物-遗迹相带, 分别代表泛滥平原、蓄水注地或泛滥平原小型湖、河道及水下分流河道边部、滨浅湖和前三角洲沉积环境.      

地层学界近年来对新生代地层学名称使用的变化

随着国内外地层学界对新生代地层研究的不断深入,自1996年以来,国际地层学界对新生代地层学年代的划分不断更新。国际地层委员会2008年公布的方案中,新生代内第四纪的地位还未确定,它可能包括更新世,底界回溯到大约2.6 MaBP。随着中国第四纪研究在国际上的学术地位日益上升,在对新生代的划分上,表达中国学者建议的呼声将会越来越高。     

Body mass and locomotor habits of the smallest darter,Anhinga minuta (Aves,Anhingidae)

During the Neogene of South America, Anhingidae was represented by several species, mainly with greater sizes than the extant members. In the present contribution, body mass and locomotor habits of Anhinga minuta, the smallest known darter, were inferred. Body mass was estimated using two methods, one with measures of a tibiotarsus (the holotype) and the other, with measurements of a humerus; locomotor habits were inferred through muscular reconstructions and wing parameters (wing span, wing area and wing loading). Estimates of wing span and wing area were based on the length of humerus, assuming a condition of isometry with respect to Anhinga anhinga; wing loading was obtained through a relation formula between wing area and body mass. The results obtained indicate a body mass of about 729 g, a wing span of 0.958 m, a wing area of 0.117 m² and a corresponding wing loading of 61 N/m². These values and also the proximal insertion of the musculus pectoralis are consistent with those of a soaring bird but with more frequent flapping than extant anhingids. Furthermore, the inferred musculature for tibiotarsus indicates abilities for swimming, climbing and moving through the vegetation as in extant representatives.     

内蒙古大庙中新世小哺乳动物化石埋藏学研究

捕食是小哺乳动物死亡最常见的原因,也导致被捕食动物遗骸发生明显改变.动物死亡后的风化、踩踏、搬运等过程也会改变动物的骨骼并影响到化石组合的形成.本文研究了内蒙古大庙三个中新世化石地点,时代从早中新世到晚中新世早期(约21～11.6 Ma).通过分析各小哺乳动物化石组合的沉积背景以及埋藏学特征识别化石埋藏的主要成因.结果显示出捕食是三个地点小哺乳动物化石埋藏的基本成因,而在两个年轻的地点中也有流水搬运与可能的踩踏因素的叠加.三个地点可能存在不一样的捕食者:早中新世地点以猫头鹰捕食为主,中、晚中新世地点则以日间活动的鸟类或哺乳类为主要捕食者.研究还显示小哺乳动物的系统发掘是可行的,在一定程度上可以减少采样过程中产生的破坏.     

辽东湾坳陷新近系馆陶组浅水三角洲的发现及其油气勘探意义

为突破辽东湾坳陷新近系馆陶组沉积相的早期认识对该区油气勘探下一步进展的制约,以沉积地质、地球物理和古生物相结合的分析方法,详细分析了湖泊及浅水三角洲存在的地质背景和证据。通过辽河坳陷馆陶组和明化镇组下段的沉积模式及可可西里卓乃湖-库赛湖区的现代沉积比较,结合孢粉百分含量法和相对比值法的半定量分析方法所揭示的古湿度和古温度分析结果,认为馆陶组主要是亚热带且湿度逐渐增大的气候条件下,以冲积扇和辫状河为主,具有大平原小前缘特点的浅水三角洲沉积模式。三角洲平原分为以冲积扇为主的上平原和以辫状河为主的下平原,三角洲前缘具有平面规模小、不稳定、河口坝和远砂坝不发育的特征。馆陶组下段封闭型湖泊面积小,以三角洲平原沉积为主;馆陶组上段湖域面积扩大,三角洲前缘更加发育,且次级洼陷之间由辫状河水系连通,呈敞流型湖泊特征。辽东湾坳陷新近系馆陶组浅水三角洲沉积体系的新认识使得前三角洲泥岩发育区可能成为区域性盖层,为下一步大型油气藏的勘探提供重要的地质指导。     

Desmaninae (Talpidae, Mammalia) from the Pliocene of Tollo de Chiclana (Guadix Basin, Southern Spain): Considerations on the phylogeny of the genus Archaeodesmana

The fossil Desmaninae (water-moles) from the Pliocene continental deposits of Tollo de Chiclana (Guadix Basin, Southern Spain) are described. A new species, Archaeodesmana elvirae, is defined from the locality of Tollo de Chiclana-1 (upper Ruscinian). This species is characterized by relatively small canines and premolars (except the P4) and large P4 and molars, besides several morphological features. The presence of Archaeodesmana brailloni is reported from the locality of Tollo de Chiclana-1B (uppermost Ruscinian). A small sample assigned to the genus Archaeodesmana is described from the lower Villafranchian site of Tollo de Chiclana-3, which cannot be determined at the specific level. The phylogenetic relationships between the different species of Archaeodesmana are reconsidered in the light of the recent findings, which support the idea of a more complex phylogeny than previously proposed for this genus. The populations from the Guadix Basin, previously assigned to Dibolia dekkersi (= Archaeodesmana getica), are here considered to belong to a different (unnamed) species, which is the ancestor of A. elvirae. On the other hand, the new species A. elvirae is proposed as the ancestor of A. brailloni.     

A Late Miocene Paratethyan mollusc fauna from the Denizli Basin (southwestern Anatolia, Turkey) and its regional palaeobiogeographic implications

We report on a Late Miocene mollusc fauna from a single locality in the Denizli Basin in southwestern Turkey that is composed of ten presumably euryhaline species and three freshwater species. The fauna is remarkably distinct from faunas of the adjacent Late Miocene Aegean and Euxinian Basins, and has elements in common with the modern Caspian Sea fauna in the form of Didacna species. The suggested age of the fauna (Late Miocene) would extend the stratigraphic range of the lymnocardiid genus Didacna (hitherto Calabrian-Extant) considerably. The palaeobiogeographic significance of the Denizli fauna is discussed.