Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) diversity in the black spruce succession of eastern Canada

This study provides the first assessment of carabid beetle diversity in a natural forest context that encompasses a complete black spruce (Picea mariana) natural succession. Boreal forest conservation has been based on several assumptions about forest age that only consider species richness without accounting for species composition. It has also been guided by studies of incomplete chronologies that do not include naturally burned or old-growth stages. Twenty-one forest stands of different ages following fire - from recently burned to old-growth stages (0-340 years of age) - were sampled, revealing a strong relationship between age of forest and diversity of Carabidae. Over time, species richness followed a parabolic U-shaped pattern both with observed (Obs) and predicted richness (ACE). Chronological clustering identified four groups of species in the succession: the ‘burned’ group characterized 0-2-year-old forests, ‘regenerating’ (21-58 year), ‘mature’ (70-170 year) and ‘old-growth’ (177-340 year). The time spans corresponding to each of these assemblages lengthen with age of forest at an exponential rate. Ward’s and K-means (clustering without constraint) provided support for the four assemblages but showed variation between individual successions, particularly for the ‘regenerating’ assemblage, identified as the most heterogeneous. The IndVal method identified characteristic species in every stage of the succession, particularly Sericoda spp. in the burned stage and Dromius piceus and Platynus mannerheimii associated with old-growth stands. The results obtained here show that diversity of Carabidae varies in primeval conditions according to age of forest and such variation should be taken into account when conservation issues are involved.     

Effects of area and isolation of woodland patches on herbaceous plant species richness across Great Britain

Richness of Ancient Woodland Indicator plant species was analysed in 308 woodland patches that were surveyed during the Countryside Survey of Great Britain carried out in 1998. The Countryside Survey recorded vegetation plots and landscape structure in 569 stratified 1 km sample squares and developed a remotely-sensed land cover map of the UK. Using these datasets, we tested the hypothesis that Ancient Woodland Indicator species richness in woodland fragments was limited by patch area, shape and spatial isolation and that woodland patches located in the lowland region of Great Britain would respond differently than those in the upland region. The variation in Ancient Woodland Indicator species richness in the British lowlands (n = 218) was mainly explained by patch area and two measures of connectivity, the length of hedgerows and lines of trees in the 1 km square and the area of woodland within 500 m of the vegetation plot. By contrast, variation in Ancient Woodland Indicator species richness in the British uplands (n = 90) was related to Ellenberg scores of the vegetation communities sampled – a surrogate for habitat quality – and no significant effect of spatial structure was detected. It therefore appears that the degree of fragmentation of woodland in the British lowlands limits the distribution of Ancient Woodland Indicator species, while in the uplands, failed colonisation is a matter of habitat quality rather than a result of landscape structure.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

耕地整理潜力研究——以重庆忠县为例

以重庆市忠县为例,通过建立指标体系,运用新增有效耕地面积潜力方案和新增生产力潜力方案对耕地整理潜力进行了研究.     

黑龙江省农业循环经济发展评价

在农业循环经济内涵的理解之上,以农业生产活动的4个环节(投入、利用、产出、效应)为切入点,选取相应的评价指标,构建农业循环经济发展水平的综合评价指标体系。并运用层次分析法,通过搜集到的黑龙江农业循环经济发展的各项指标数据,对黑龙江省1991—2005年的农业循环经济发展水平进行综合评价,最后得出黑龙江农业循环经济的发展水平。     

西藏拉孜县草地植物群落的TWINSPAN分类及其物种多样性研究

应用双向指示种(TWINSPAN)分类技术对西藏拉孜县草地植物群落的71个样方进行分类和生物多样性研究；根据丰富度、均匀度和多样性指数，对分类后得到的群落类型进行排序，并探讨环境因子和草地植物群落多样性指标之间的关系。TWINSPAN分类的结果表明，上述草地植物群落可以划分为22个群落类型。通过海拔高度、经度、纬度、坡向和坡度与3个多样性指标的相关分析，只有海拔高度与均匀度之同星显著的负相关关系，即随着海拔的升高均匀度降低，而其它的环境因子与多样性指标之间无显著相关关系存在。     

我国农村贫困测度动态指标体系的构建

从我国农村贫困的实际出发,利用福利经济学的相关理论,在分析国际上衡量贫困的主要指标的基础上,通过引入"动态贫困差异率",构建起一套测度我国农村贫困状况的动态指标体系。     

绥中干旱分析

利用绥中县1956-2012年气象资料,采用统计分析方法,对近57年绥中的干旱状况进行分析,并对此提出了相应的防御对策。结果表明,在57年中,绥中共发生春旱27年,严重春旱15年;共发生伏旱30年,严重伏旱21年;共发生秋吊19年,严重秋吊12年;共发生春夏连旱14年,伏秋连旱13年,春旱、伏旱和秋吊同时出现的三季连旱8年。     

基于多指标测度的土地利用结构分析——以海口市为例

为科学分析区域土地利用结构与区域经济发展之间的协调程度,基于土地利用数量结构特征和区域实际建立定量测度指标体系,以海口市2011年土地变更调查数据及相应时点社会经济数据为基础数据,对海口市土地开发利用程度、集约程度和综合效益、组合类型、多样化程度、集中化程度及区位指数等6个指标进行测度。结果表明指标测度分析结果与区域实际一致,不同测度指标结果相互验证,说明基于区域土地利用特点建立的测度指标体系是合理的。研究发现,根据海口市各区经济发展实际情况及各区土地利用组合类型结果,海口市域可以根据土地利用相似情况划分建设用地集中及集约利用区、土地类型多样及适度发展区、土地类型集中区等3个综合区。     

农业综合开发项目绩效评价指标体系研究

为了客观衡量农业综合开发的实际业绩和效率,设定定量与定性指标,构建了农业综合开发绩效评价指标体系,并将绩效评价指标体系应用到2009-2012年农业综合开发3年总验收工作中,以进一步验证指标标准的合理性和数据资料的评价的准确性,科学地指导验收工作。     

Impacts of climate change on Swiss biodiversity: An indicator taxa approach

We present a new indicator taxa approach to the prediction of climate change effects on biodiversity at the national level in Switzerland. As indicators, we select a set of the most widely distributed species that account for 95% of geographical variation in sampled species richness of birds, butterflies, and vascular plants. Species data come from a national program designed to monitor spatial and temporal trends in species richness. We examine some opportunities and limitations in using these data. We develop ecological niche models for the species as functions of both climate and land cover variables. We project these models to the future using climate predictions that correspond to two IPCC 3rd assessment scenarios for the development of ‘greenhouse’ gas emissions. We find that models that are calibrated with Swiss national monitoring data perform well in 10-fold cross-validation, but can fail to capture the hot-dry end of environmental gradients that constrain some species distributions. Models for indicator species in all three higher taxa predict that climate change will result in turnover in species composition even where there is little net change in predicted species richness. Indicator species from high elevations lose most areas of suitable climate even under the relatively mild B2 scenario. We project some areas to increase in the number of species for which climate conditions are suitable early in the current century, but these areas become less suitable for a majority of species by the end of the century. Selection of indicator species based on rank prevalence results in a set of models that predict observed species richness better than a similar set of species selected based on high rank of model AUC values. An indicator species approach based on selected species that are relatively common may facilitate the use of national monitoring data for predicting climate change effects on the distribution of biodiversity.