香烟烟雾对家兔的毒害作用

通过对家兔被动吸烟及静脉注射香烟烟雾溶液的毒害作用试验,推算出主动吸烟的人香烟中毒量;并通过对其病理解剖及组织观察,见到香烟烟雾能引起如下变化:使细胞的脂质膜溶掉,切断体内细胞的生物氧化链,血红蛋白变性,心肌疏离,心肌内血管收缩,以及使肺、肝等器官产生较多的癌变前期的细胞。     

Provoked Repetitive Healing of Mature Bone Tissue Following Irradiation a Quantitative Investigation

A titanium implant, the bone harvest chamber (BHC), was used to investigate the regenerative capacity of mature bone after irradiation. One BHC was inserted in each proximal tibial metaphysis of a rabbit. One of these implant sites was irradiated (⁶⁰Co single dose) to either 15 or 25 Gy while the other served as control. Newly formed bone grew through a canal that penetrated the implant. This newly formed bone was harvested from the implant every three weeks following irradiation and then quantified by microradiography and computer-assisted densitometry. In this way a ratio between bone formed on the irradiated side in comparison with the control could be established. An immediate depression in bone formation compared with the non-irradiated controls, was seen at both dose levels. A recovery in bone regenerative capacity was seen at 15 weeks after 15 Gy while the decrease in bone formation remained constant after 25 Gy during the 30 week follow-up period.     

增加腹部活动对腹膜透析小分子溶质转运的影响

目的 :探讨腹部震荡和摇摆是否能增加小分子溶质转运和膜腹透析的效能。方法 :采用自身前后对照 ,观察了 18例连续不卧床腹膜透析 (CAPD)患者及 6只雄性新西兰兔腹膜透析模型 ,摇摆和腹部震荡前后透出液内溶质 (D)与血浆中相应溶质 (P)比值 (D/P)及溶质转运面积系数 (MTAC)和引流量的变化。结果 :在震动与非震动组肌酐D/P值及在 45min与 6min具有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而两组蛋白质D/P值及引流量比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。CAPD患者低频组与高频组 2h和 4h尿素氮D/P值及 2h肌酐D/P值较基础值均明显增加 (P <0 0 1或 0 0 5 ) ,而两组间比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;蛋白质D/P值及引流量与基础蛋白质D/P值及引流量比较均无差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :摇摆和腹部震荡均能增加小分子尿素氮和肌酐的转运 ,对大分子蛋白质转运及超滤量无影响 ,提示增加CAPD病人的活动能提高腹膜透析的效能。     

自制白芨液态栓塞剂栓塞兔动脉瘤模型研究

目的观察自制白芨液态栓塞剂对兔颅内动脉瘤的栓塞效果.方法从白芨中提取液态栓塞剂,对19侧兔颈总动脉动脉瘤模型进行栓塞实验.结果DSA示模型动脉瘤栓塞中未发生栓塞剂外溢及黏管现象.栓塞后3周,病理显示瘤颈口出现内皮细胞生长.结论自制的白芨液态栓塞剂栓塞效果满意.     

丹参对兔肾热缺血时超微结构保护作用的初步观察

丹参和肌苷对实验兔肾近曲小管上皮细胞具有相似的保护作用。在热缺血60min和120min后,该处微绒毛和线粒体的缺血性损害比对照组兔为轻。但用肌苷保护的肾小管间毛细血管内皮细胞的缺血性损害比用丹参保护的要重。缺血肾恢复血流30min后,丹参与肌苷两组的微绒毛和线粒体均基本恢复正常,而对照组的这些结构未能恢复正常。丹参的主要作用之一,可能与提供维持近曲小管细胞的微绒毛有规则地排列,以及修复热缺血期间引起的局部损害所需的能量有关。     

兔急性弥漫性颅高压模型TCD参数与颅内压和脑灌注压的相关性研究

目的采用兔急性弥漫性颅高压模型，研究经颅多普勒（TCD）参数与颅内压（ICP）和脑灌注压（CPP）的相关性。方法新西兰兔20只，随机分组：A组（对照组）8只，枕大池穿刺后不注入林格氏液；B组（实验组）12只，枕大池穿刺后逐步持续注入林格氏液。穿刺前、穿刺后每隔15 min监测ICP、HR、MAP、R及TCD各参数，并计算出CPP。结果A组各参数穿刺前后各时点比较无统计学差异。随着ICP的升高，B组TCD各参数与ICP、CPP有密切线性关系；TCD的变化发生在生命体征改变之前，更早于Cushing反应；在濒死前期，TCD出现一“反跳”现象，出现“反跳”的兔83.3%死亡。结论TCD的变化能较早地反映ICP和CPP的变化，同时ICP增高晚期出现的特征性“反跳”现象提示预后极差。     

结扎家兔颈总动脉后海马的组织学变化

家兔颈总动脉单侧结扎、双侧不同时结扎和双侧同时结扎后,海马组织学的主要变化是海马中间部多型细胞层的小血管淤血,引起海马边缘部的锥体细胞层周围毛细血管贫血,锥体细胞供血不良,使其轴突萎缩。海马CA_3区突触小体内的线粒体嵴及颗粒消失,突触小泡减少、内移及致密化,这种变化随结扎程度的不同逐渐加深,尤以双侧同时结扎最为明显。为颈总动脉结扎后影响学习记忆提供了组织学依据。     

蜕皮甾酮乳膏对伤口愈合速度及毛细血管密度的影响

目的 研究蜕皮甾酮乳膏对实验性兔创伤模型促进伤口愈合作用的疗效观察,从而为蜕皮甾酮乳膏促愈作用找到证据及其机制.方法 先制备好蜕皮甾酮乳膏,而后将32只体重相近的新西兰兔制备成全皮层缺损的创伤动物模型,每只兔3个背部创面,分别敷以空白乳膏基质、蜕皮甾酮乳膏及云南白药创可贴.其中8只兔分别于造模后4、8、12天拍摄愈合后的创面,统计其面积,同时计算出各个创面的伤口愈合率;另外24只兔分3批于造模后4、8、12天利用微循环观察和分析系统检测创面毛细血管密度.结果 伤口愈合率的统计学分析表明:蜕皮甾酮乳膏有明显的促进伤口愈合的作用(P<0.01),疗效与云南白药相近(P＞0.05);毛细血管密度的统计学分析表明:蜕皮甾酮乳膏组创面与其他两组相比,其毛细血管生成密度较大(P<0.01);病理观察:蜕皮甾酮乳膏组上皮细胞、内皮细胞及成纤维细胞增生较多.结论 蜕皮甾酮乳膏对实验性兔创伤缺损模型有明显促愈作用,为临床促愈用药的筛选提供了新思路.     

三种拟胆碱药对兔中枢作用的比较

给兔icv毛果芸香碱,出现抽搐、流涎、咀嚼,脑电呈低幅快波,呼吸兴奋,icv槟榔碱,兔轻度抽搐、流涎,脑电呈双相反应,呼吸兴奋作用短暂;icv氨甲酰甲胆碱,兔亦出现抽搐、流涎、咀嚼及脑电低幅快波反应,但呼吸变化不一,或为加快,或为减慢。提示三种拟胆碱药中枢作用不完全相同,其原因可能与选择性激动中枢不同亚型M受体有关。上述三药均引起心率减慢。     

The effect of surgically induced anterior disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint on the midface and cranial base

This investigation studies the development of mandibular and cranial base asymmetries with the aid of an animal model. The effect internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) might have on the asymmetric development of the cranial base is not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the consequences of unilateral TMJ disc displacement on the midface and cranial base. Thirteen 10-week-old rabbits, eight controls and five experimental were included in this study. The five experimental rabbits had surgically created unilateral disc displacement. Animals were sacrificed at 22 weeks and frontal, occlusal and lateral oblique radiographs were made of the skulls. The occlusal radiograph demonstrated that the glenoid fossa on the experimental side was located more anteriorly. Whereas, the oblique radiograph revealed the root of the zygomatic arch on the experimental side to be more inferior. Finally, the anterior aspect of the fossa was seen to be more inferior on the frontal radiograph. A previous study suggested a shortening in the ramal height. This study points to an alteration of the cranial articular fossa. Thus, it may be concluded that disc displacement is capable of producing asymmetry in both the developing mandible and the cranial base.