右心室壁传导阻滞在致心律失常性右心室心肌病诊断中的地位

目的 探讨右心室壁传导阻滞(parietal block)在致心律失常性右心室心肌病(arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia,ARVC)诊断标准中的适用性.方法 回顾性分析可疑ARVC先证者62例的临床评估资料,项目包括性别、心电图、24 h动态心电图、超声心动图.对比分析...     

选择性改良房室结慢径中预示三度房室传导阻滞的新指标

目的探讨选择性改良房室结慢径放电过程中预示三度房室传导阻滞（AVB）的新指标。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至l2月期间在广东省心血管病研究所完成的房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）经导管射频消融（RFCA）治疗的患者资料,统计放电过程中出现一过性三度房室传导阻滞的发生率,分析放电过程中出现一过性三度房室传导阻滞前的心电现象。结果经心内电生理检查诊断为房室结折返性心动过速的患者412例,慢快型347例,84.2%;快慢型45例,10.9%;慢慢型20例,4.9%。均采用选择性改良房室结慢径治疗,成功率100%。复发2例,复发率0.5%,均在第二次消融成功。永久性房室结折返性心动过速罹患率为0。一过性房室结折返性心动过速为7例,罹患率1.7%。出现早发交界心律31例,罹患率为7.5%。总共放电1406次,出现早发交界心律的放电67次,发生率4.8%。在出现早发交界心律的放电过程中,即刻停止放电组一过性房室结折返性心动过速发生率是2.3%;延迟停止放电组一过性房室结折返性心动过速发生率是25.0%;两组发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.013）。结论早发交界心律也是预示三度AVB的指标之一,出现早发交界心律即刻停止放电是避免房室结折返性心动过速的有效方法。     

Epidemiological study of premature ventricular contraction in Guangzhou communities

Background Premature ventricular contractions(PVCs) are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of frequent PVCs in Guangzhou communities. Methods Our population-based study included 12013 adults from the permanent residents aged 35 years old and above in 20 communities of Yuexiu District and Panyu District in Guangzhou. Standard 12-lead ECG was performed in 11,634 residents. PVC count was determined by 24-hour Holter ECG in8172 residents. We performed multivariable regression analysis using stepwise backward selection to identify factors independently associated with frequent PVCs(≥ 1% of the total beats). Results Among those who received12-lead ECG, 4,095 were men, accounting for 35.2% of 11634 participants. 1.6% the residents had PVCs and median age was 59 years. 2852(34.9%) were male in 8172 subjects who received 24-hour Holter ECG and 1239 of the 8172 subjects(15.2%) were diagnosed with PVCs by single-lead dynamic electrocardiogram. 2.9% subjects were accounted PVCs exceeded 1% of the total heartbeats, 0.2% subjects were accounted PVC exceeded 10% of the total heartbeats. The multivariable analysis showed that four factors related with frequent premature ventricular contractions included aging(odds ratio(OR) 1.027; 95% CI 1.015 to 1.039), male gender(1.533; 95% CI1.162 to 2.023), high diastolic pressure(1.027; 95% CI 1.015 to 1.039) and long QTc interval(1.016; 95% CI1.005 to 1.027). Besides, frequent vegetable intake(0.225; 95% CI 0.064 to 0.795), high LDL(0.787; 95% CI0.684 to 0.906) and high TG(0.873; 95% CI 0.771 to 0.989) were the protective factors of frequent PVCs. Conclusion PVCs is prevalent in Guangzhou communities. The factors such as age, gender, blood pressure, QTc,vegetable intake, LDL and TG care associated with PVCs.     

全腔镜改良Mini-Maze术治疗非阵发性心房颤动——单中心30例临床分析

目的总结全腔镜改良Mini-Maze术治疗非阵发性心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)的临床经验和近期随访结果。方法选择2016年1月至2016年11月在广东省人民医院采用全腔镜改良Mini-Maze术治疗孤立性非阵发性AF的患者30例,男20例,女10例,年龄(59±9.8)岁,其中11例持续性AF,19例长程持续性AF。手术于全胸腔镜下施行,根据手术入路不同,分为双侧胸壁双孔入路组及左后外侧胸壁三孔入路组。结果全组无围术期死亡。1例(3%)左后外胸入路组患者中转开胸。1例(3%)术后因病态窦房结综合征需植入永久起搏器。患者术后住院时间为(8.1±4.8)d,术后重症监护病房停留时间为(18.3±5.9)h,出院时16例(53.3%)为窦性心律,9例(30%)为AF心律,5例(16.7%)为心房扑动心律。术后随访(6.9±2.5)个月,8例(26.6%)维持AF,2例(6.7%)转为心房扑动,20例(66.7%)维持窦性心律。复发的5例患者在术后3~4个月接受再次导管消融,4例转为窦性心律,最后随访时窦性心律转复率为80%(24/30)。围术期及随访期间,无死亡、卒中、左心房血栓和肺静脉口狭窄发生。结论全腔镜改良Mini-Maze法治疗非阵发性AF疗效满意。本研究首创的双侧双孔入路安全、可重复性强,值得进一步推广。     

无左心房和肺静脉三维重建的阵发性心房颤动导管消融术

Objective To investigate the differences between modeling and non-modeling left atrium in Carto XP system guided catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Methods Thirty-one cases of par-oxysmal atrial fibrillation treated by the same electrophysiologist with guidance of Carto XP during Jan to Dec in 2008 were enrolled. Catheter ablation was accomplished without left atrium and pulmonary veins modeling in 17 patients (non-modeling group) and with left atrium modeling in 14 patients (modeling group). The detailed ablation method was based on circumferential pulmonary veins isolation (CPVI). And linear ablation of tricus-pid valvular isthmus was selectively proceeded individually. The ablation endpoint was set to complete isolation of pulmonary vein potential from left atrium and no continuous fast atrial arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia could be induced. Comparisons for each step during procedure and the fol-low-up outcomes had been done. Results The male: female ratio of the 2 groups were 10:4 and 11 : 6 (P >0.05). The average age were (54.64 ± 15.58) and (59.41 ± 10.59) (P >0.05) ,the diseased courses were (5.05 ±10.4) years and (7.34±7.74)years(P >0.05),the left atrial sizes were (35.29±4.73) mm and (36.47 ±6.15)mm (P > 0.05), the total procedure time was (107.23±28.92) rain and (93.47 ±26.09) win (P>0.05). The X-ray exposure time was (21.09 ±6.49)min (modeling group) and (14.16±5.35)min (non-modeling group,P < 0.05). The CPVI time of fight pulmonary veins was (27.29±18.53) rain (model-ing group) and 18.00 ±4.51 min (non-modeling group, P < 0.05). The CPVI time of left pulmonary veins was (28.14 ±9.26) rain (modeling group) and (23.94±7.10) rain (non-modeling group, P < 0.05). The successful rates was 85.7% (modeling group) and 82.4% (non-modeling group, P > 0.05) over follow-up for 2 to 13 months. Conclusion Carto system guided catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation without modeling of left atrium and pulmonary veins could take less time in X-ray exposure and ablation steps, compa-ring with left atrium modeling one.     

致心律失常性右室心肌病的CARTO系统电生理基质标测和射频导管消融

目的应用CARTO系统对致心律失常性右室心肌病(ARVC)患者进行电解剖标测并指导射频消融治疗其室性心动过速(简称室速)。方法入选伴有室速反复发作的25例ARVC患者,年龄36±12岁,男性17例,有家族成员35岁以下早发猝死史3例。术前行常规心电图、心室晚电位、心脏B超检查。在窦性心律或/和心动过速时,电解剖标测三维重建右室。术中6例同时行右室造影检查。根据双极电图电压高低确定疤痕区、正常心肌和临界边缘区。对于折返性室速,线性消融关键峡部或疤痕区与三尖瓣环之间或两疤痕区间;对于局灶性室速,点消融局部最早激动区域。结果 20%(5/25)体表心电图发现前壁或下壁导联Epsilon波,心室晚电位阳性占88%(21/25),心脏B超发现右室不同程度的局部或整体扩张,56%(14/25)可见局部囊袋状向外膨出。所有患者均出现1～5(2±1)种左束支阻滞型室速,其中5例合并频发室性早搏,1例伴心房扑动,1例伴左后间隔旁道。即时消融成功率为72%(18/25)。随访14±10(4～36)个月,原消融成功的5例室速复发。1例消融失败伴晕厥史的患者植入ICD治疗。无手术相关并发症和死亡发生。结论应用CARTO系统电解剖标测可安全有效指导射频消融治疗ARVC患者的室速,有相对较高的失败和复发率。CARTO系统标测的电压图,参考术前心电图、心脏B超及右室造影可了解病变心肌的分布范围,对初步确定室速的病理基质有帮助。     

慢性心房颤动患者消融术后左心房和左心室结构远期变化

目的观察维持窦性心律(窦律)对慢性心房颤动(房颤)射频消融术后患者左心房和左心室结构的影响。方法入选38例慢性房颤行射频消融术的患者,分别于术前、术后1年行超声心动图检查,测量的超声心动图指标为左心房前后径、左心房上下径、左心房左右径、左心房最大容积、左心室舒张末内径、左心室收缩末内径,左心室射血分数,评估房颤有无复发对左心房及左心室重构的影响。结果 31例慢性房颤患者完成随访,随访时间为(13.45±1.46)个月,将其按消融效果分为复发组(15例)和非复发组(16例)。随访结果如下:(1)消融术前复发组与非复发组超声指标的基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)复发组术后12个月左心房前后径、左心房上下径、左心房左右径、左心房最大容积、左心室舒张末内径、左心室收缩末内径、左心室射血分数与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(3)非复发组消融术后12个月左心房前后径较术前减小[(38.73±3.77)mmvs.(41.86±4.73)mm,P0.01],左心房上下径较术前减小[(58.03±4.31)mmvs.(61.70±3.80)mm,P0.01],左心房左右径较术前减小[(43.93±6.06)mmvs.(46.08±6.62)mm,P0.01],左心房最大容积较术前减小[(75.78±22.27)mLvs.(83.18±24.29)mL,P0.01],左心室舒张末内径较术前减小[(45.85±4.98)mmvs.(48.26±5.36)mm,P0.01]、左心室收缩末内径较术前减小[(28.74±4.27)mmvs.(31.44±5.32)mm,P0.01],左心室射血分数较术前增加[68.03%±4.58%vs.62.75%±7.23%,P0.01],差异有统计学意义。结论维持窦律能使射频消融术后12个月的慢性房颤患者左心房及左心室逆向重构,左心室收缩功能改善。     

环肺静脉与复合消融治疗阵发性心房颤动的远期疗效

目的比较环肺静脉消融和复合消融治疗阵发性心房颤动(paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,PAF)后长期随访的成功率,探讨导管消融治疗PAF的路线和终点。方法选择2006年1月至2007年8月接受导管消融治疗的PAF患者141例,分为两组。第1组:单纯环肺静脉消融,在三维心脏电解剖标测系统(CARTO系统)和单环状标测电极(LASSO电极)指导下行同侧环肺静脉左心房线性消融至左心房-肺静脉电活动双向传导阻滞;第2组:复合消融,即在环肺静脉消融后,常规进行心房高频刺激,根据术中是否有自发或诱发的房性心律失常而选择右心房峡部、左心房峡部、左心房顶部、冠状窦左心房心内膜面、左心耳部、碎裂电位、冠状静脉窦内消融或上腔静脉隔离等附加消融方式。比较两组的消融结果和并发症发生情况。结果第1组消融过程中6例出现自发的持续房性心动过速(auricular tachycardia,AT)转为复合消融。结果按照实际治疗原则进行分析,即第1组64例,第2组77例。两组性别、年龄、病程、左心房内径、左心室射血分数及手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。第2组X-线曝光时间较第1组显著增加,差异有统计学意义[(39.8±14.2)min vs.(33.1±10.7)min,P=0.002]。随访(39.2±5.2)个月,两组单次消融术后房性心律失常复发率比较,差异无统计学意义[23.4%(15/64)vs.26.0%(20/77),P=0.729]。第1组5例AT和4例PAF接受重复消融,其中5例AT及2例PAF治疗成功;第2组6例AT和6例PAF接受重复消融,其中5例AT和3例PAF治疗成功。两组两次或三次消融后总的窦性心律维持率比较,差异无统计学意义[87.5%(56/64)vs.84.4%(65/77),P=0.603)。结论导管消融治疗PAF的远期成功率高;环肺静脉消融与复合消融治疗PAF的远期效果相似,但X-线曝光时间相对较短,损伤较小;对于复发的患者,寻找肺静脉以外的靶点可进一步提高导管消融治疗PAF的成功率。     

阵发性心房颤动环肺静脉消融术后生活质量变化

目的 通过观察患者生活质量变化来探讨环肺静脉消融术治疗阵发性心房颤动(房颤)对生活质量的影响.方法 阵发性房颤患者接受经导管环肺静脉消融术,于消融术前和术后6个月,应用超声心动图测量患者左心房内径(LAd)和舒张晚期跨二尖瓣血流峰速(A峰);用SF-36量表及症状列表评估患者生活质量和症状严重程度.结果 2004年1月至2007年1月共有130例阵发性房颤患者接受环肺静脉消融术治疗.平均随访1.8(1～4)年,110例(84.6%)无房性心律失常发作,其中101例未服用抗心律失常药物.消融术后6个月,LAd由术前(38.6±3.3)mm缩小为(33.7±2.6)mm(P<0.05),A峰由术前(0.68±0.15)m/s升高至(0.76±0.19)m/s(P<0.05).患者射频消融术后6个月的生活质量与术前比较,SF-36量表的8个维度中,躯体功能、躯体角色、社会功能、情感角色、活力有明显提高(P<0.05),而肌体疼痛、心理健康、总的健康状况方面的变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).消融术后心悸、心动过速、活动受限症状减轻(P<0.05),而呼吸困难、胸痛、头晕无明显变化(P>0.05).从治疗结果分析,治愈组和总体改变一致,复发组虽然心悸和心动过速症状减轻(P<0.05),但生活质量的8个维度均没有变化.结论 阵发性房颤患者接受环肺静脉消融术治疗后生活质量提高,同时伴左心房缩小和功能改善,其生活质量提高得益于房颤的治疗.