铅锌矿伴生金、银、铟、锗和镓综合回收利用综述

综述了我国铅锌矿中伴生贵金属金、银和稀散金属铟、锗和镓的资源概况,对相关回收技术进行了阐述。铅锌矿中的伴生金、银主要赋存于铅矿物中,低碱性条件有利于伴生金、银的浮选回收。稀散元素铟、锗和镓主要赋存于锌矿物中,回收率随锌矿物回收率的增加而增加;抑制锌的ZnSO4对稀散元素也有很强的抑制作用,CuSO4活化剂可显著提高稀散元素的品位及回收率。     

高血铅对幼儿智力发育的影响

目的探讨高血铅对幼儿智力发育的影响。方法用Gesell发育量表分别对33例高血铅儿童和33例对照儿童进行测试。结果不同血铅水平与儿童适应性行为发育商、大运动发育商、精细动作发育商、语言发育商和个人-社交行为发育商呈明显的负相关（均P〈0.01）;高血铅组适应性行为发育商、大运动发育商、精细动作发育商、语言发育商和个人-社交行为发育商比对照组分别落后19.36、12.12、17.76、20.88和14.19分,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）。结论高血铅影响幼儿智力发育,应给予足够的重视。     

铅膏含酸量对铅酸蓄电池性能影响的图像分析

铅膏材料的晶相受其材料含酸量的影响显著,而且在化成时正极铅膏的晶相会发生取代反应,对其活性物质的微观结构及机械强度产生直接影响,除此之外,还会影响铅酸蓄电池的循环寿命。通过计算机图像辅助研究了铅酸蓄电池中正极铅膏的含酸量对电池循环寿命的影响,研究表明当正极铅膏的含酸量为7%~8%时电池的性能最佳。     

Efficient red phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes based on solution processed all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite as hole transporting layer

An efficient red phosphorescent organic light emitting diode (PhOLED) has been realized by utilizing a composite hole transporting layer comprised of all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite CsPbBr₃ via spin-coating and 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl) benzene (mCP) by vacuum depositing, in which CsPbBr₃ film is used as a hole transporting layer and mCP plays a dominant role in electron and exciton blocking. And this PhOLED shows a saturated red emission coordinated at CIE (0.65, 0.33) driven at 7.5 V, a maximum brightness of 20,750 cd/m², and a maximum current efficiency of 10.64 cd/A, which is as 1.87 times as that 5.68 cd/A of the reference PhOLEDs based on traditional small organic molecular hole transporting material N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-benzi (NPB). The electroluminescent (EL) spectra and the energy level alignment of different PhOLEDs are investigated. The enhanced EL performances are ascribed to improved hole injecting and transporting behaviors, and better electron and exciton confinements by introducing the composite hole transporting layer CsPbBr₃/mCP.     

活性炭吸附原子吸收光度法测定铅锑精矿中金的含量

通过在铅锑精矿焙烧时加入一定量的氧化锌或氧化钙，使铅锑精矿在灼烧过程中的单质硫、有机质、硫化物、碳充分焙烧，然后采用王水分解矿样，活性炭动态吸附富集金，灰化除碳，王水溶解，原子吸收光度法测定铅锑精矿中金含量，方法快速、准确，同时适用于含碳、硫较高焙烧时易结块的精矿样品。     

烧结时间对含铅玻璃制备微晶玻璃析晶及性能的影响

以铅玻璃与粉煤灰为原料，通过协同熔炼制备了微晶玻璃。通过XRD和SEM等手段研究了不同烧结时间下微晶玻璃的物相组成及显微结构，测定了微晶玻璃的密度、吸水率、维氏硬度和化学抗性。结果表明: 延长烧结时间对含铅玻璃加入量为40%(FG40)、50%(FG50)样品的晶相类型和晶化程度有影响，而对含铅玻璃加入量为60%(FG60)、70%(FG70)和80%(FG80)样品的影响较小。随着烧结时间延长，样品晶化程度提高，晶体长大，玻璃相减少。适宜的含铅玻璃加入量为50%~70%，对应的FG50、FG60、FG70样品最佳烧结时间分别为4 h、3 h、3 h。     

Essential (Mg,Fe, Zn and Cu) and Non-Essential (Cd and Pb) Elements in Predatory Insects (Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina): A Molecular Perspective

The recent introduction of the Asian yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, into Europe has raised concern regarding the threat to honeybees and the competition with the European hornet, Vespa crabro. The aim of this study was to investigated essential (Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) elements in these two species. Element concentrations were determined in the whole body and separately in the head, thorax and abdomen using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The changes in essential element concentration and speciation during metamorphosis were also studied using size exclusion chromatography followed by AAS and proteomic analysis. In both species, the essential elements were more concentrated in the abdomen due to the presence of fat bodies. Magnesium, Fe and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in V. crabro than in V. velutina and could have been related to the higher aerobic energy demand of the former species required to sustain foraging flight. Low concentrations of Cd and Pb were indicative of low environmental exposure. The concentration and speciation of essential elements, particularly Fe, varied among the developmental stages, indicating a modification of ligand preferences during metamorphosis. Overall, the results in the present study provide a better understanding of the hornet metal metabolism and a foundation for additional studies.     

液氮传导冷却型高温超导电流引线研制

80 A和200 A液氮传导冷却型高温超导(HTS)电流引线由铜引线段、中间过渡段和高温超导段组成,HTS热端采用液氮传导冷却,HTS冷端采用液氦传导冷却。铜引线段工作在室温到中间温度(~80 K),高温超导段工作温区6—80 K。介绍该传导冷却型电流引线的结构设计和低温性能测试。实验结果表明,中间过渡段温度~78 K,高温超导热端温度77 K;80 A、200 A电流引线液氦下稳态测试电流分别为100 A和250 A。     

A Clearance Period after Soluble Lead Nanoparticle Inhalation Did Not Ameliorate the Negative Effects on Target Tissues Due to Decreased Immune Response

The inhalation of metal (including lead) nanoparticles poses a real health issue to people and animals living in polluted and/or industrial areas. In this study, we exposed mice to lead(II) nitrate nanoparticles [Pb(NO₃)₂ NPs], which represent a highly soluble form of lead, by inhalation. We aimed to uncover the effects of their exposure on individual target organs and to reveal potential variability in the lead clearance. We examined (i) lead biodistribution in target organs using laser ablation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), (ii) lead effect on histopathological changes and immune cells response in secondary target organs and (iii) the clearance ability of target organs. In the lungs and liver, Pb(NO₃)₂ NP inhalation induced serious structural changes and their damage was present even after a 5-week clearance period despite the lead having been almost completely eliminated from the tissues. The numbers of macrophages significantly decreased after 11-week Pb(NO₃)₂ NP inhalation; conversely, abundance of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cells, which are responsible for augmented collagen production, increased in both tissues. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and selected cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), interleukin 6(IL-6), IL-1α and IL-1β , displayed a tissue-specific response to lead exposure. In summary, diminished inflammatory response in tissues after Pb(NO₃)₂ NPs inhalation was associated with prolonged negative effect of lead on tissues, as demonstrated by sustained pathological changes in target organs, even after long clearance period.