Effects of upper-body resistance exercise training on serum nesfatin-1 level,insulin resistance,and body composition in obese paraplegic men

Background

As a recently discovered adipokine, nesfatin-1 is conducive to insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, energy balance, and probably obesity.

Antibiotic resistance rates for Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical respiratory and bloodstream isolates among the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System from 2009 to 2013

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections and resistance among isolates is an increasing burden. The study purpose was to describe national resistance rates for clinical P. aeruginosa respiratory and bloodstream cultures and the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa within the Veterans Affairs (VA). MDR was defined as non-susceptibility to at least one drug in at least 3 of the following 5 categories: carbapenems, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and piperacillin/tazobactam. We reviewed 24,562 P. aeruginosa respiratory and bloodstream isolates across 126 VA facilities between 2009 and 2013. Most isolates were collected from inpatient settings (82%). Resistance was highest in fluoroquinolones (33%) and exceeded 20% for all classes assessed (carbapenems, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and piperacillin/tazobactam). Resistance was higher in inpatient settings and in respiratory isolates. Prevalence of MDR was 20% overall (22% for inpatient isolates, 11% outpatient, 21% respiratory, 17% bloodstream). Our findings are consistent with previous surveillance reports.     

基于全基因组测序的耐碳青霉烯类抗生素鲍曼不动杆菌耐药基因、毒力因子及同源性分析

摘要：目的 通过应用全基因组测序(whole genome sequencing, WGS)技术分析某三级医疗机构耐碳青霉烯类抗生素鲍曼不 动杆菌(carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, CRAB)的耐药基因、毒力因子及同源性。方法 收集该院2020年1月至3月 重症监护病房(Intensive care unit, ICU)、神经外科分离的11株医院感染CRAB菌株，通过二代测序平台进行全基因组测序, 应用 基因组流行病学中心(Center for genomic epidemiology, CGE)ResFinder 4. 0软件分析其耐药基因型，并应用MORPHEUS在线制作 热图，应用毒力因子数据库(virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria, VFDB)VFanalyzer软件筛选毒力因子，应用MLST软件检测菌 株的ST型，应用Kaptive软件检测荚膜型，应用CSI Phylogeny 1. 4软件及FigTree v1. 4. 4软件构建最大似然树(maximum likelihood tree, MLT)以分析其同源性。结果 11株CRAB对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢菌素、环丙沙星均呈现耐药，而对阿米卡星、左氧 氟沙星耐药的菌株株数较少。11株CRAB共检测出18种耐药基因，11株同时携带碳青霉烯酶耐药基因blaOXA-23和blaOXA-66，β-内酰 胺酶耐药基因以blaTEM-1D和blaADC-25为主，大部分菌株携带多种外排泵相关耐药基因及抗菌药物修饰酶耐药基因。11株CRAB均携 带多种毒力因子，包括外膜孔蛋白、脂多糖、生物膜、外排泵、磷脂酶和效应蛋白等，如OmpA、Lps、Csu、Pga、Ade、Plc、 Bas、Bau、Ent、Hem、Aba、Bfm、Pbp和Kat等。11株CRAB均为ST2-K22型，同源性分析结果显示C组内同源性关系相近，存 在院内传播的可能。结论 该院CRAB的耐药性、毒力特征复杂多样，同源性分析显示该院存在1种优势克隆株，该克隆株有医 院内传播的风险。     

乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族、汉族住院患者胰岛素抵抗状态下多种危险因素分析

目的探讨乌鲁木齐市住院患者维吾尔族和汉族胰岛素抵抗(IR)状态下多种危险因素分布特点。方法来自内科住院病人219例,均进行葡萄糖糖耐量试验和胰岛素释放试验,运用稳态模式法评价胰岛素抵抗对维吾尔族、汉族多种危险因素分布的影响。结果维吾尔族胰岛素抵抗组体重和腰臀比大于维吾尔族对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);汉族胰岛素抵抗组总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白(LDLC)高于汉族对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。维吾尔族胰岛素抵抗组体重、体质指数(BMI)和腰围大于汉族胰岛素抵抗组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。维吾尔族体质指数明显高于汉族人群,即非胰岛素抵抗组维吾尔族高于汉族(26.84±4.19 vs25.52±3.19)kg/m2,(P0.05),胰岛素抵抗组维吾尔族高于汉族(27.77±3.60 vs 26.09±3.68)kg/m2(P0.05)。多个危险因素(Logistic回归分析)分析发现糖尿病、高血压、总胆固醇和甘油三酯与胰岛素抵抗呈正相关(P0.01)。高密度脂蛋白(HDLC)与胰岛素抵抗呈负相关(P0.01)。结论在乌鲁木齐市住院患者胰岛素抵抗人群中,维吾尔族以肥胖为主,汉族以胆固醇升高为主。糖尿病、高血压和血脂异常与胰岛素抵抗密切相关。     

压力波形联合回流液相双指征监测法定位硬膜外麻醉的临床应用

背景 硬膜外穿刺技术临床上广泛用于颈部、胸腹部、下肢手术的麻醉与疼痛治疗.现行传统硬膜外麻醉操作为一种盲探性穿刺置管技术,单独依靠操作者的感觉和经验及简单的试验方法评判麻醉成功与否,难以做到精确可控,而麻醉状态无客观指征监测,麻醉失败原因常无法得知.目的 为改进现行盲探方法,探求硬膜外麻醉的可视化指征的可行性.内容 自2006年以来,经不断深入研究,以“压力波形联合回流液相双指征法”用于辅助硬膜外麻醉,达到了可视化指征,辅助硬膜外麻醉定位与监测,效果理想.至今已在临床成功应用万例以上(内蒙古医学院附属医院完成硬膜外麻醉1万余例/年,约占麻醉总例数的50％).趋向 目前此项技术已常规应用于临床并加以推广,现予以介绍,以期建立新型硬膜外麻醉操作流程,从而使麻醉全程达到严谨、规范、安全、可靠,进一步提高硬膜外麻醉的安全有效性.     

The long-term benefits of a multi-component exercise intervention to balance and mobility in healthy older adults

We examined the long-term effects of a multi-component exercise program on balance, mobility and exercise behavior. The benefits of a community-based resistance and flexibility exercise intervention in a group of healthy older (60-75 years) individuals were recorded 12 months after completion of the randomized control intervention. Differences between those participants who continued to exercise and those who discontinued were investigated. Significant improvements from baseline in sit to stand (p < 0.001), timed up and go (p = 0.001), and sway (p < 0.001) remained at follow up in the exercise intervention group, with a control group unchanged. Participants who continued exercising had significantly greater improvements in strength immediately after the intervention, compared to those who discontinued (p = 0.004). Those who continued regular resistance training performed better in the step test at 12-month follow up (p = 0.009) and believed that the program was of more benefit to their physical activity (p < 0.001) than those who discontinued exercising. Benefits to balance and mobility persist 1 year after participation in a multi-component exercise program, due in part to some continuing participation in resistance training. Motivation to continue resistance training may be related real and perceived benefits attained from the intervention as well as the environmental context of the intervention.     

Coronary Hemodynamics in Diabetic Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

We investigated the coronary hemodynamics in conscious spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats 4 and 20 weeks after Streptozotocin or vehicle injection. The hemodynamic parameters were measured at rest and during maximal coronary vasodilation with dipyridamole. Streptozotocin, 40 or 60 mg/kg, produced moderate or severe diabetes in both strains, but resulted in a mortality of 11.3 or 40.8% in SHR alone. The left and right ventricular weights were decreased with no change in their ratios to body weight in both strains. Severely diabetic SHR and WKY revealed hypotension, bradycardia, an increased cardiac index and decreased total peripheral resistance index at both weeks. Moderately diabetic SHR revealed similar changes except for an unaltered cardiac index. Short-term severely diabetic SHR alone displayed an in-creased basal bi-ventricular coronary flow (per u n i t mass). The maximal coronary flow was unaltered i n any group by diabetes. The left ventricular transmural flow distribution was also unaltered i n any group. However, severe diabetes i n SHR diminished a coronary flow reserve (maximal minus basal flow) of the l e f t ventricle a t 4 weeks, and that of both ventricles a t 20 weeks. Thus, the severity and duration of diabetes had a strain-related influence on the systemic and coronary hemodynamics, w i t h deaths and a reduced coronary flow reserve i n SHR alone. The minimal coronary vascular resistance i n both ventricles (per u n i t mass) showed no increase i n each group by diabetes, suggesting no overalldecrease i n functional cross-sectional area of the coronary vasculature.     

Angiotensin - Forming Enzyme Active at the Physiological PH in the Brain of Normal and Nephrectomized Rats

Enzymatic activity generating angiotensin at pH 5.5 and 7.2 has been detected in different areas of the central nervous system (CNS) of the rat. Control animals and those subjected to bilateral nephrectomy 48 h before the experiment (Nx) were analyzed. The different areas of the CNS were studied by the incubation of tissue homogenates in the presence (enzyme concentration) or not (enzyme activity) of an excess of added angiotensinogen. Concentration was determined by incubation at pH 7.2 and 5.5 while activity was evaluated only at pH 7.2. The enzymatic renin-like concentration at both pHs did not change after Nx thus showing they do not depend on plasma and vascular renin. On the other hand the activity of the enzyme showed a significant increase in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum after Nx suggesting an increased concentrations of renin substrate and/or different concentrations of inhibitors or activators of the enzymatic system in those areas.     

Enhancement of paclitaxel and carboplatin therapies by CCL2 blockade in ovarian cancers

Ovarian cancer is associated with a leukocyte infiltrate and high levels of chemokines such as CCL2. We tested the hypothesis that CCL2 inhibition can enhance chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Elevated CCL2 expression was found in three non‐MDR paclitaxel resistant ovarian cancer lines ES‐2/TP, MES‐OV/TP and OVCAR‐3/TP, compared to parental cells. Mice xenografted with these cells were treated with the anti‐human CCL2 antibody CNTO 888 and the anti‐mouse MCP‐1 antibody C1142, with and without paclitaxel or carboplatin. Our results show an additive effect of CCL2 blockade on the efficacy of paclitaxel and carboplatin. This therapeutic effect was largely due to inhibition of mouse stromal CCL2. We show that inhibition of CCL2 can enhance paclitaxel and carboplatin therapy of ovarian cancer.