Going beyond “Basaloid neoplasm”: Fine needle aspiration cytology of epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland

Epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare salivary gland malignancy with variable cytologic findings. Its rarity, variable morphologic findings, and similarities with more common salivary gland entities make it a difficult cytologic diagnosis. As the name signifies, the key feature of this tumor is presence of an epithelial and myoepithelial component. However, when one of these two components is scant on the fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears, it may be overlooked. We present a case from a 62 year‐old female who presented to the clinic with a parotid nodule and episodes of sharp, throbbing pain. A fine needle aspiration was performed which revealed a highly cellular specimen comprised primarily of aggregates of cells with small, round nuclei and scant to absent cytoplasm. Abundant hyaline stromal material was also noted. The case was signed out as basaloid neoplasm with a recommendation for surgical resection. The subsequent resection specimen revealed EMC. By reviewing the FNA specimen following the surgical resection of the tumor, we were able to utilize the benefit of hindsight to more clearly identify the subtle, biphasic components of the tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:422–425. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

不同对比剂剂量及年龄对肝脏双期增强扫描的技术探讨

目的 :分析多层螺旋CT扫描中使用高压注射器在不同增强剂量以及不同年龄组对肝脏动脉期和静脉期显影效果的影响。方法 :全部病例 (3 60例 )均使用MarconiMx 80 0 0多层螺旋CT和Medrad高压注射器。对比剂剂量按1.0ml/kg和 1.5ml/kg分为 2组行增强扫描 ,1.0ml/kg组 12 2例 ,1.5ml/kg组 2 3 8例 ;每组按照年龄分为 3组 ,18～ 3 9岁共 5 8例、40～ 5 9岁共 160例、60岁以上共 14 2例。结果 :分别测量各组肝脏双期增强CT图像上动脉期腹腔干和门脉期左右门静脉汇合处的CT值。对比分析发现两组对比剂量肝脏双期增强扫描效果均无明显差异 ,但青年组 (18～ 3 9岁 )与老年组 (>60岁 )比较发现门脉期有差异性。结论 :本文所选择对比剂剂量 1.0ml/kg是可行的 ,但是青年组行肝脏双期扫描时间需要提前。     

International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Computed Tomography Screening Workshop 2011 report

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Board of Directors convened a computed tomography (CT) Screening Task Force to develop an IASLC position statement, after the National Cancer Institute press statement from the National Lung Screening Trial showed that lung cancer deaths fell by 20%. The Task Force's Position Statement outlined a number of the major opportunities to further improve the CT screening in lung cancer approach, based on experience with cancer screening from other organ sites.The IASLC CT Screening Workshop 2011 further developed these discussions, which are summarized in this report. The recommendation from the workshop, and supported by the IASLC Board of Directors, was to set up the Strategic CT Screening Advisory Committee (IASLC-SSAC). The Strategic CT Screening Advisory Committee is currently engaging professional societies and organizations who are stakeholders in lung cancer CT screening implementation across the globe, to focus on delivering guidelines and recommendations in six specific areas: (i) identification of high-risk individuals for lung cancer CT screening programs; (ii) develop radiological guidelines for use in developing national screening programs; (iii) develop guidelines for the clinical work-up of "indeterminate nodules" resulting from CT screening programmers; (iv) guidelines for pathology reporting of nodules from lung cancer CT screening programs; (v) recommendations for surgical and therapeutic interventions of suspicious nodules identified through lung cancer CT screening programs; and (vi) integration of smoking cessation practices into future national lung cancer CT screening programs.     

64排螺旋CT靶重建技术在孤立性肺结节诊断中的应用

目的：探讨64排螺旋CT靶重建技术在孤立性肺结节诊断中的价值。方法：对常规64排CT肺部扫描发现的30例SPN患者进行靶重建,分析其影像特点,比较两种方法的诊断符合率。结果：30例靶重建显示小结节征8例、空泡征9例、钙化4例、分叶征16例、毛刺征12例、棘突征13例、胸膜凹陷征12例、血管集束征7例及20例增强病例显示密度变化均高于常规扫描;靶重建后诊断符合率为90%,也高于常规扫描的66.7%。结论：靶重建技术有助于提高孤立性肺结节（SPN）的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

Safety, efficacy, and indications of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade to reduce heart rate prior to coronary CT angiography

For selected indications, coronary computed tomographic (CT) angiography is an established clinical technology for evaluation in patients suspected of having or known to have coronary artery disease. In coronary CT angiography, image quality is highly dependent on heart rate, with heart rate reduction to less than 60 beats per minute being important for both image quality and radiation dose reduction, especially when single-source CT scanners are used. β-Blockers are the first-line option for short-term reduction of heart rate prior to coronary CT angiography. In recent years, multiple β-blocker administration protocols with oral and/or intravenous application have been proposed. This review article provides an overview of the indications, efficacy, and safety of β-blockade protocols prior to coronary CT angiography with respect to different scanner techniques. Moreover, implications for radiation exposure and left ventricular function analysis are discussed.     

The role of human papillomavirus type 16/18 genotyping in predicting high‐grade cervical/vaginal intraepithelial neoplasm in women with mildly abnormal Papanicolaou results

BACKGROUND:

The authors compared the predictive value of type 16 and/or 18 human papillomavirus (HPV) versus non‐16/18 HPV types for high‐grade (grade ≥2) cervical neoplasm/vaginal intraepithelial neoplasm and carcinoma (CIN/VAIN2+) in women with mildly abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) results (ie, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS] or low‐grade squamous epithelial lesion [LSIL]).

METHODS:

The authors retrospectively selected Pap specimens with HPV testing results obtained from 243 women (155 with ASCUS and 88 with LSIL Pap results) in their Department of Pathology. HPV genotyping was performed using the EasyChip HPV blot assay. The Pap specimens with HPV16/18 and non‐16/18 HPV types were compared with follow‐up biopsy results. Follow‐up duration ranged from 1 month to 58 months (mean, 26 months).

RESULTS:

In total, 58 of 155 specimens (37%) that had ASCUS and 29 of 88 specimens (33%) that had LSIL were positive for HPV16/18. CIN/VAIN2+ biopsies were identified in 43 of 155 women (28%) with ASCUS and in 28 of 88 women (32%) with LSIL. Women with ASCUS and HPV16/18 had a significantly higher rate (43%) of CIN/VAIN2+ than women with ASCUS and non‐16/18 HPV types (19%; P = .003; odds ratio, 3.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.48‐6.53). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of CIN/VAIN2+ between women who had LSIL and HPV16/18 (45%) and those who had LSIL and non‐16/18 HPV types (29%; P = .16; odds ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.77‐4.97).

CONCLUSIONS:

HPV genotyping for HPV16/18 improved risk assessment for women with ASCUS Pap results and may be used to predict the risk of CIN/VAIN2+ to better guide follow‐up management. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.