石油化工废碱液处理技术开发及工业应用

介绍了石油化工行业产品精制过程中废碱液处理技术的开发及工业应用情况。针对不同种类废碱液的水质组成和特点,开发了以湿式氧化(WAO)技术为核心的配套处理技术,包括催化汽油精制废碱液"湿式氧化-酸化脱酚-SBR"、乙烯精制废碱液"湿式氧化-酸化中和"、丙烷脱氢制丙烯废碱液"加碱中和-湿式氧化-酸化中和-蒸发除盐"等一系列典型石油石化工业废碱液的处理技术。已建成多套废碱液湿式氧化处理装置,可以完全脱除废碱液的恶臭气味,社会效益和经济效益显著。     

Luminescent properties of SrSi2N2O2:Ce3+,Tb3+-a potential phosphor for white light emitting diodes

Ce3+ and Tb3+ co-doped SrSi2N2O2 phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction. The X-ray diffraction pattern exhibited that the phosphor consisted mainly of oxygen-rich SrSi2N2O2. The optical properties of SrSi2N2O2:Ce3+, SrSi2N2O2:Tb3+ and SrSi2N2O2:Ce3+,Tb3+ were studied, respectively. The emission intensity of Tb3+ at 541 nm was remarkably enhanced by Ce3+ in SrSi2N2O2:Ce3+,Tb3+ phosphor, which was attributed to the energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+. The chromaticity coordinates of phosphors were investigated as a function of Tb3+ concentration. When the Ce3+ and Tb3+ concentrations were 0.02 and 0.18 mol per formula unit, respectively, the chromaticity coordinate was (0.257, 0.337) in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. SrSi2N2O2Ce3+,Tb3+ phosphors could be used for white light emitting diodes.     

氧化物添加对Bi_2O_3–B_2O_3–ZnO低熔点玻璃结构与性能的影响

采用常规的熔体冷却法制备了以Bi2O3–B2O3–ZnO为基体,外加氧化物（SiO2、GeO2、TeO2和Sb2O5）的玻璃试样,对比研究了氧化物对玻璃结构、转变温度、软化温度、析晶温度、热膨胀系数、抗弯强度和化学稳定性的影响规律。结果表明：在基体中加入SiO2,对降低玻璃的热膨胀系数最有效;加入TeO2,对降低玻璃的转变温度和软化温度最有效;加入Sb2O5,不仅能降低玻璃的转变温度和软化温度,使ΔT最大,而且能改善铋酸盐玻璃在封接过程中易析晶的问题,热膨胀系数较低,抗弯强度最大,化学稳定性最好。通过利用Fourier红外光谱、X射线衍射和热分析研究了玻璃结构的变化。     

Red Shift and Broadening of Backward Harmonic Radiation from Electron Oscillations Driven by Femtosecond Laser Pulse

The characteristics of backward harmonic radiation due to electron oscillations driven by a linearly polarized fs laser pulse are analysed considering a single electron model. The spectral distributions of the electron＇s backward harmonic radiation are investigated in detail for different parameters of the driver laser pulse. Higher order harmonic radiations are possible for a sufficiently intense driving laser pulse. We have shown that for a realistic pulsed photon beam, the spectrum of the radiation is red shifted as well as broadened because of changes in the longitudinal velocity of the electrons during the laser pulse. These effects are more pronounced at higher laser intensities giving rise to higher order harmonics that eventually leads to a continuous spectrum. Numerical simulations have further shown that by increasing the laser pulse width the broadening of the high harmonic radiations can be controlled.     

Al_2O_3含量对ITSOFC用SrO-La_2O_3-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-SiO_2玻璃性能的影响(英文)

采用高温熔融法制备了中温固体氧化物燃料电池用系列硼硅酸盐玻璃,玻璃摩尔组成为40SrO-5La2O3-xAl2O3-(25-x)B2O3-30SiO2(x=0,2.5,5.0,10.0)。结果表明:随着Al2O3含量的逐渐增多,玻璃转变温度和析晶峰温度逐渐升高,而热膨胀系数(CTE)均在9.8×10-6/K左右,这与电极材料8%(摩尔分数)Y2O3稳定ZrO2(8YSZ)在相同温度范围内的CTE相接近。Al2O3摩尔含量为5%的硼硅酸盐玻璃在700℃热处理100h后未能检测到明显的析晶和CTE变化,同时与8YSZ电极材料在700℃保温100h没有观测到明显的界面反应,表明该玻璃具有良好的化学相容性。     

湿式空气氧化技术处理乙烯裂解废碱液试验研究

采用湿式空气氧化工艺处理乙烯裂解废碱液,系统研究了不同反应温度和停留时间对该类废碱液处理效果的影响。结果表明,在湿式氧化过程中S2-的氧化相对容易,当反应温度不低于190℃时,S2-去除率为100%,当反应温度小于150℃时,S2-的存在形式以S2O32-为主,反应温度达到230℃时,S2-基本完全转化成SO42-;废碱液中COD的去除率随反应温度的升高而增加,当反应温度为230℃时,其去除率可达80%以上。     

碱渣湿式氧化处理装置管线腐蚀原因分析

材料为316L奥氏体不锈钢的碱渣管线的焊缝附近区域在工作中因受到严重的腐蚀而失效.通过材质鉴定、着色分析以及显微镜分析确定了该腐蚀的类型为晶间腐蚀,产生腐蚀的原因主要是焊接使焊缝附近的金属受热发生敏化现象以及材料本身存在的质量问题所致.同时由于处理的原料中含有较高的浓度的Cl-以及混入一定的二乙醇胺,加剧了碱渣装置的管线腐蚀;提出了相应的防护措施.     

炼油废碱渣处理方案的探讨

对A企业原炼油碱渣废水处理方案进行了分析,针对其水质变化影响水质达标的问题提出超临界水氧化(SCWO)和高温湿式氧化两种处理方法,分析比较后对后者进行了工艺试验研究,结果表明,在反应温度270℃(9.0 MPa),停留时间不低于120 min的工艺条件下,处理后的出水中S2-未检出、COD、酚和有机氮的去除率分别为83.5%、99.4%和95.6%,有机氮几乎全部转化为氨氮,B/C值由0.32提高到0.69,可直接送污水处理场进一步生化处理。     

Luminescence properties of Mn2） ions doped Lu2CaMg2Si3O1） garnet phosphors

Yttrium aluminum garnet structure phosphors Lu2CaMg2Si3O12:Mn2+ were synthesized by conventional high temperature solid-state reaction in reductive atmosphere. The structure and optical properties of samples were characterized by application of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the phosphors mainly presented garnet structure with a few weak peaks of impurity phases. Lu2-xCaMg2Si3O12:xMn2+ (x=0.01-0.8) phosphors showed a broad emission band peaking at around 590 nm under ultraviolet (UV) light of 408 nm when Mn2+ concentration was less than 0.08 mol. With an increase in the Mn2+ concentration (above 0.08), another broad emission band peaking at 720 nm besides 590 nm was observed, which may be due to manganese ion having different valence and occupying different host lattice. The critical quenching concentrations of manganese ion in the wavelength of 590 and 720 nm were about 0.06 and 0.2 mol, respectively. With 408 nm excitation wavelength, emission color of the samples had a red shift trend as the Mn2+ concentration increased. All the results indicated that the Lu2CaMg2Si3O12:Mn2+ phosphors could be applicable to n-UV based white LEDs.     

助熔剂和还原气氛对掺铕硅酸锶荧光粉发光性能的影响

采用传统高温固相反应法制备了掺铕硅酸锶荧光粉。在近紫外光激发下,Sr2SiO4:Eu2+发出明亮的黄绿光。其发射光谱由峰值分别位于490nm和550nm的两个属于Eu2+的5d→4f发射带叠加组成。当Eu2+浓度为0.005mol时,发光最强。研究了不同助熔剂(NH4F、NH4Cl、NaF、Li2CO3、H3BO3)及不同还原气氛(5%H2-95%N2混合气体和C粒)对Eu2+掺杂的Sr2SiO4发光性能的影响。结果表明添加助熔剂后大大降低了烧结温度,并不同程度地提高了2个发射峰的强度。结果还表明5%H2-95%N2混合气体还原效果比C粒好。