基于CAD2AME的飞机液压系统流阻计算方法

飞机液压系统包含泵源系统、管路系统、附件和用户系统,飞机管路系统是飞机泵源和用户之间的纽带,液压管路流阻特性决定了用户系统入口的压力和流量,影响用户动静态响应性能,特别是对一些伺服作动系统。传统流阻特性计算方法主要针对稳态工况计算,难以实现动态响应计算,且对工作人员要求高、计算工作量大。随着全三维设计应用于飞机液压管路系统设计制造,为基于计算机的流阻特性仿真分析提供了可能。本文介绍和对比了三种计算方法,选取了较优的CAD2AME方法对某飞机局部液压管路系统流阻特性进行仿真分析,证明该方法可快速准确的对飞机液压管路进行分析。     

Environmental and transport effects of warehouse relocationing: evidence from Norway

Reducing traffic volumes and CO2-emissions from freight transport has proven difficult in many countries. Although the increasing suburbanization of warehouses is seen as a relevant land use trend, comprehensive analyses of their impact remain scarce. This study uses real data in modeling transport, costs, environmental and modal effects from warehouse relocations around Oslo and Trondheim (Norway). Results indicate that for Oslo, traffic performance (ton-km), CO2-emissions, and transport costs increase following warehouse suburbanization. For Trondheim, transport performance and CO2-emissions increase less, while transport costs decrease marginally. We conclude that specific case characteristics (geography and trade patterns) are important in determining the strength and direction of effects, and expect that common concomitant developments (warehouse centralization and consolidation) would lead to more pronounced results. Our findings confirm some, but challenge other, findings from the relatively scarcely literature available. Finally, the study's more general insights and observations can help advance similar analyses beyond Norway.     

固态胺纤维制备及在密闭舱内吸附CO2性能研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)为基体,通过水解、酰氯化及与聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)接枝反应制备得到多胺基型固态胺纤维.应用红外光谱仪、热重分析仪及扫描电子显微镜表征了纤维的官能团结构、热稳定性及表面微观形貌.在温度25.0℃、相对湿度80%、初始CO2浓度1.0%的条件下,测得纤维在30 min内对CO2的吸附量可达154.4 g/kg;105℃ 水蒸气再生10 min,循环吸附再生50次,纤维的再生效率为98.3%.     

基于正交设计的船用柴油机燃烧系统参数匹配及优化

为研究柴油机燃烧系统参数匹配对柴油机动力和排放性能的影响,首先分别利用AVL_BOOST和AVL_FIRE仿真软件建立4190ZLC-2型船用柴油机整机模型和缸内燃烧高压循环模型,然后基于已建模型应用正交试验设计方法安排柴油机进气系统、喷油系统和燃烧室结构尺寸参数匹配仿真计算。研究结果表明,通过极差分析可以得出燃烧系统参数对4190ZLC-2型柴油机性能的影响主次顺序。以柴油机指示功率为评价指标时,参数组合0.26 mm-28°CA-160°-0.9-145 mm-2.6 mm-22 mm(喷孔直径-喷油提前角-油束夹角-涡流比-喉口直径-凸台高度-凹坑半径)对应的指示功率为63.40 k W,比原机仿真值高15%;以NOX排放为评价指标时,参数组合0.30 mm-24°CA-140°-0.4-135 mm-6.6 mm-14 mm(喷孔直径-喷油提前角-油束夹角-涡流比-喉口直径-凸台高度-凹坑半径)对应的NOX排放质量分数为0.015 7%,比原机仿真值低30.2%。     

The effectiveness of a European speed limit versus an international bunker-levy to reduce CO2 emissions from container shipping

In the fight to reduce CO₂ emissions from international shipping, a bunker-levy is currently under consideration at the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Faced with the inability of the IMO to reach an agreement in the short term, the European Commission is now contemplating a unilateral measure of a speed limit for all ships entering European Union (EU) ports. This paper argues that this measure is counterproductive for two reasons. Firstly, because it may ultimately generate more emissions and incur a cost per ton of CO₂ which is more than society is willing to pay. Secondly, because it is sub-optimal compared to results obtained if an international bunker-levy was to be implemented. These elements are illustrated using two direct transatlantic services operated in 2010.     

EGFR、Ku70、NF-κB及Bcl-2在Graves病中的表达及意义

目的研究Graves病患者细针穿刺组织中EGFR、Ku70、NF-κB和Bcl-2基因的表达水平,探讨其在Graves病发生发展中的作用。方法 Graves病组患者59例,平均年龄(44.66+12.94)岁,其中男16例,女43例;甲状腺结节周围正常甲状腺组织标本27例为对照组,平均年龄(44.64+14.27)岁,其中男6例,女21例。采用实时荧光定量逆转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测EGFR、Ku70、NF-κB和Bcl-2在Graves病及对照组甲状腺组织中的表达,t检验分析基因表达水平差异;Pearson相关法分析基因表达与临床特征及相关血清学指标之间的关系。结果上述基因在对照组及Graves病甲状腺组织中都有不同程度的表达。Graves病患者组织中EGFR及Ku70的表达水平明显高于对照组甲状腺组织(1.752±0.660 vs.0.859±0.125,P<0.05;3.304±0.402 vs.0.768±0.102,P<0.001);NF-κB及Bcl-2的表达水平明显低于对照组甲状腺组织(0.578±0.066 vs.0.884±0.085,P<0.001;0.834±0.086vs.1.235±0.261,P<0.05)。Graves病组织中NF-κB与Bcl-2表达水平呈正相关(r=0.399,P<0.001)。Graves病组织中Ku70的表达水平与血清TgAb水平呈正相关(r=0.263,P<0.05),而其他基因表达与相关血清学指标无关(P均>0.05)。结论 Ku70、EGFR、NF-κB、Bcl-2介导的信号转导通路可能参与了Graves病的发生、发展过程。     

姜黄素促进RAW264.7源性M1巨噬细胞向替代激活M2表型极化

目的观察姜黄素对LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)极化的影响及机制。方法不同浓度姜黄素(6.25、12.5、25μmol/L)干预LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)12h,同时再加入20μmol/L GW9662与25μmol/L姜黄素共同干预LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)12h,采用Real-time PCR、ELISA及Western blot方法检测IL-1β、IL-6和M2表型标志分子KLF4、FIZZ1、MGL1、PPARγ的表达,及阻断PPARγ后KLF4和FIZZ1的表达。结果不同浓度姜黄素均能上调LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)的M2标志分子的表达,并且抑制炎症因子IL-1β和IL-6的分泌;阻断PPARγ后,RAW264.7巨噬细胞源性M1表型巨噬细胞表达M2标志分子下调。结论姜黄素通过活化PPARγ促进LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)向M2表型极化。     

锚固路堑高边坡稳定性非线性模糊评判

针对路堑高边坡锚固后的稳定性评价,基于模糊性与层次性构建锚固路堑高边坡稳定性2级模糊综合评判模型。根据不同类评价指标的取值方法及隶属度函数选取原则,建立统一的隶属度确定方法,采用三角模糊数互补判断矩阵排序方法确定权向量,以体现评价指标重要程度比较的不确定性。引入非线性模糊算子,以消除个别影响因素不利时对结果的突出影响,使评价结果能更真实地反映工程实际状况。以京新高速公路路堑高边坡稳定性评价为应用实例,验证该模型的可行性与合理性。     

插电式混合动力汽车高电压部件设计及布置

根据整车设计要求,建立插电式双电机MG1/MG2+行星轮系混合动力汽车高电压系统方案模型。通过理论计算及工程分析确定高压电池组、高电压线缆、双电机MG1/MG2、变频器(转换器/逆变器)、空调压缩机等高电压部件的结构及关键参数。针对高电压部件布置的安全及可靠性提出建议。