南海北部陆架晚第三纪δ~(13)C记录与古生产力——以珠江口盆地BY7-1-1和PY33-1-1井为例

南海珠江口盆地ＢＹ７－１－１及ＰＹ３３－１－１井晚第三纪浮游有孔虫的丰度、底栖有孔虫小泡虫超科中葡萄虫（Ｕｖｉｇｅｒｉｎａ）和小泡虫（Ｂｕｌｉｍｉｎａ）的相对丰度（Ｕ＋Ｂ含量）以及浮游有孔虫壳体的δ１３Ｃ记录表明，晚第三纪期间表层水生产力总体上呈增高趋势，其中早中新世为表层水生产力较低的时期，但由Ｎ４至Ｎ８带表现为递增趋势，中—晚中新世为高生产力时期，早上新世为又一个高生产力时期。其中中—晚中新世时期本区最可能处于非上升流的高生产力地区，而早上新世为受上升流影响的高生产力地区。     

珠江口盆地西部新近纪高分辨率生物地层及海平面变化分析

珠江口盆地西部新近系主要为陆架浅海沉积环境,发育良好的海相砂岩储集层和多套储盖组合。因此,对这些砂体的成因及赋存位置的海平面变化研究至关重要。在有孔虫及钙质超微化石资料所建立的珠江口盆地西部新生代年代地层格架基础上,以有孔虫个体大于0.25mm的浮游有孔虫丰度和百分含量为依据,参照微体古生物化石带、岩性、电测和地震资料,总结出三级旋回边界和最大海泛面识别标志,从而提出具有国际对比意义的三级层序划分对比方案,对盆地内18口井进行了层序划分,识别出了2个完整的二级层序和15个三级层序。根据南海海域表层沉积物建立起的浮游有孔虫含量与水深的定量关系,得出量化古水深数据,辅以古生态成因相及特征沉积构造分析、海岸上超分析编制了海平面变化曲线,指出珠江口盆地西部新近系受拗陷阶段持续沉降影响,形成不同于海退型全球海平面变化的台阶式海侵特征。     

Les ensembles fluviatiles néogènes du bassin subandin d'Équateur et implications dynamiquesThe Neogene fluvial systems of the Ecuadorian foreland basin and dynamic inferences

A sedimentological study of the Neogene continental infill of the Subandean foreland basin of Ecuador led us to define an evolution of the fluvial system from an alluvial plain to an alluvial fan with an increasing slope in the same time as the drainage changed from mostly longitudinal to transverse. Combined with the data presently available on palaeotopography, exhumation, tectonic evolution and geomorphology, these results enable us to infer that, in contrast with the other Subandean foreland basins of Bolivia and Peru, the progradation of the Neogene alluvial fans proceeded by an overall expansion, associated with a relatively small tectonic shortening and not as a result of the development of successive thrust-related depocentres. This also indicates that the surrection of the Cordillera progressed in Ecuador throughout the Neogene. To cite this article: F. Christophoul et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 1029–1037.     

济阳坳陷东部新近系馆陶组下段辫状河三角洲沉积研究

根据水下沉积的标志 (泥岩颜色和富存的古生物化石 )和湖泊水流作用的标志 (岩性和结构、沉积构造、粒度分析、岩石的成分与结构成熟度、岩心的沉积相序以及砂体的平面形态等 ) ,证实了济阳坳陷新近系馆陶组下段为辫状河三角洲 ,而不是陆上河流或冲积扇沉积。通过解剖济阳坳陷东部某油田馆陶组的沉积序列发现 ,在馆下段沉积时期 ,辫状河三角洲发育水下辫状河道、河口砂坝以及前缘席状砂等微相 ,这为渤海湾盆地新近纪古湖泊研究和济阳坳陷新近系油气勘探提供了新的思路     

Chronological implications of the nothrotheriid ‘Xyophorus’ (Mammalia,Xenarthra) from the Collón Curá Formation (Miocene of Patagonia,Argentina)

The specimen described herein and assigned to ‘Xyophorus’ sp. (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada) was collected in the locality Cerro Zeballos, northwestern Chubut Province, Argentina. The fossiliferous sediments bearing the specimen are correlated with Collón Curá Formation. The specimen has the features described for other members of ‘Xyophorus’ (e.g. shape and size of the molariforms, relationship between diastema length, m1 and m2 length) and has a Diastema Length/Tooth Row Length index (DL/TRL index) of ca. 14, between that of ‘X.’ villarroeli (12.07) from the Mauri Formation, Bolivia (ca. 10.3 Ma) and that of ‘X.’ bondesioi (16.45) from Arroyo Chasicó Formation, Argentina (ca. 10–8.7 Ma). The relationship between DL/TRL index and age of the bearing sediments, would suggest a Tortonian age (late Miocene) for the deposits of Collón Curá Formation at Cerro Zeballos, which results in a ‘younger age’ compared to the middle Miocene age traditionally accepted for the Collón Curá Formation bearing the Colloncuran fauna sensu stricto. Although no absolute ages for Cerro Zeballos are available yet, the geographic proximity of Cerro Zeballos to Cushamen River (with levels dated at ca. 11.2 Ma) supports the tentative Tortonian age indicated by the presence of ‘Xyophorus’ sp.     

Kinematics of the Southern Rhodope Core Complex (North Greece)

The Southern Rhodope Core Complex is a wide metamorphic dome exhumed in the northern Aegean as a result of large-scale extension from mid-Eocene to mid-Miocene times. Its roughly triangular shape is bordered on the SW by the Jurassic and Cretaceous metamorphic units of the Serbo-Macedonian in the Chalkidiki peninsula and on the N by the eclogite bearing gneisses of the Sideroneron massif. The main foliation of metamorphic rocks is flat lying up to 100 km core complex width. Most rocks display a stretching lineation trending NE–SW. The Kerdylion detachment zone located at the SW controlled the exhumation of the core complex from middle Eocene to mid-Oligocene. From late Oligocene to mid-Miocene exhumation is located inside the dome and is accompanied by the emplacement of the synkinematic plutons of Vrondou and Symvolon. Since late Miocene times, extensional basin sediments are deposited on top of the exhumed metamorphic and plutonic rocks and controlled by steep normal faults and flat-ramp-type structures. Evidence from Thassos Island is used to illustrate the sequence of deformation from stacking by thrusting of the metamorphic pile to ductile extension and finally to development of extensional Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary basin. Paleomagnetic data indicate that the core complex exhumation is controlled by a 30° dextral rotation of the Chalkidiki block. Extensional displacements are restored using a pole of rotation deduced from the curvature of stretching lineation trends at core complex scale. It is argued that the Rhodope Core Complex has recorded at least 120 km of extension in the North Aegean, since the last 40 My.     

The early Matuyama Diatom Maximum off SW Africa: a conceptual model

An important discovery during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 175, when investigating the record of upwelling off Namibia, was the finding of a distinct Late Pliocene diatom maximum spanning the lower half of the Matuyama reversed polarity chron (MDM, Matuyama Diatom Maximum) and centered around 2.6–2.0 Ma. This maximum was observed at all sites off southwestern Africa between 20°S and 30°S, and is most strongly represented in sediments of Site 1084, off Lüderitz, Namibia. The MDM is characterized by high biogenic opal content, high numbers of diatom valves, and a diatom flora rich in Southern Ocean representatives (with Thalassiothrix antarctica forming diatom mats) as well as coastal upwelling components. Before MDM time, diatoms are rare until ca. 3.6 Ma. After the MDM, in the Pleistocene, the composition of the diatom flora points to increased importance of coastal upwelling toward the present, but is accompanied by a general decrease in opal and diatom deposition. Here we present a simple conceptual model as a first step in formalizing a possible forcing mechanism responsible for the record of opal deposition in the upwelling system off Namibia. The model takes into account Southern Ocean oceanography, and a link with deepwater circulation and deepwater nutrient chemistry which, in turn, are coupled to the evolution of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). The model proposes that between the MDM and the Mid-Pleistocene climate revolution, opal deposition off Namibia is not directly tied to glacial–interglacial fluctuations (as seen in the global δ¹⁸O record), but that, instead, a strong deepwater link exists with increased NADW production (as seen in the deepwater δ¹³C record) accounting for higher supply of silicate to the thermocline waters that feed the upwelling process. The opal record of Site 1084 shows affinity to eccentricity on the 400-kyr scale but not for the 100-kyr scale. This points toward long-term geologic processes for delivery of silica to the ocean.     

台湾岛以南海域新近纪的弧—陆碰撞造山作用

台湾岛以南海域(台南滨海)弧—陆碰撞带位于欧亚板块、菲律宾海板块和南海的结合部位,是新近纪弧—陆碰撞研究的理想场所。本文通过对南海973航次在该区域的多道地震剖面的解释,认为台南滨海弧—陆碰撞带增生的火山—沉积楔由恒春海脊和高屏斜坡两部分组成,前者是菲律宾海板块的增生楔,后者是欧亚板块的增生楔,在增生楔体和火山弧之间是作为弧前盆地的北吕宋海槽。自中新世中期以来,南海洋壳开始沿着马尼拉海沟向菲律宾海板块俯冲,形成活动大陆边缘的增生部分——恒春海脊;与此同时菲律宾海板块开始向北西方向移动,前缘的吕宋岛弧距今6.5Ma以来朝着亚洲陆缘斜向汇聚,形成了被动大陆边缘的增生部分——高屏斜坡。由于菲律宾海板块和欧亚板块之间的斜向汇聚,弧—陆碰撞具有穿时性,造山作用首先发生在台湾岛的北部,然后向南部及台南滨海发展。