运用正确的通风手段处理火灾事故

矿山救护队是处理矿井灾害事故的一支专业化的队伍,当矿井发生事故时,救护队必须以第一时间进行抢险救援,该文阐述了矿山救护队在处理事故时,如何采取正确的通风手段,既可以保证救援人员的安全,又可以抢救遇险人员,减少国家财产损失和人员伤亡的重要性。     

Water Condensation Promotes Fungal Growth In Ventilation Ducts

In a subarctic climate the diurnal variation in temperature may cause water condensation in ducts placed in the unheated spaces of a building. In this study, germination time and sporulation of a fungus, Penicillium verrucosum , were studied on dusty, galvanized steel sheet under different moisture conditions at room temperature. The effect of condensed water in a supply air duct on spore amplification was studied in an experimental ventilation set-up. In the field, air temperatures and the dew point temperature of air in the duct were monitored continuously for a week. P. verrucosum germinated on steel surfaces during five-hour incubation of the surface under humid conditions; when the surface had been moist for half an hour, germ tubes appeared within 17 hours. During 24-hour incubation under moist conditions, P. verrucosum produced hypae and spores. In the experimental set-up the airborne spore counts increased when the air passed through a water-condensingsection of the duct. Penicillium was the most abundant fungus sporulated on the moist duct surface. In the field, during humid weather, the surface temperature on the air stream surface decreased to the dew point temperature of the air in the duct. Thus water condensation in air ducts may promote fungal growth.     

Air Change Effectiveness Measurements in Two Modern Office Buildings

Local age of air and air change effectiveness were determined in two office buildings using tracer gas techniques to study the applicability of the associated measurement procedures in mechanically ventilated office buildings. Measurement issues examined include the establishment of a uniform tracer gas concentration at the start of the test and the relationship of ventilation system configuration and system operation to the test procedure. Air change effectiveness was determined at locations in the occupied space based on the local age of air at that location and the age of air in the corresponding ventilation system return duct. Values of the air change effectiveness in the occupied space were generally close to one, which is consistent with good mixing of the Ventilation air within the occupied space. Deviations from 1.0, on the order of 10%, did occur, but given the limited experience with these measurement procedures in the field it is not clear whether these deviations are significant. These tests provide data on air change effectiveness to supplement the limited database on mechanically ventilated office buildings in the US. In addition, the experience obtained with the measurement procedures will assist in the development of a standardized approach to measuring air change effectiveness in the field.     

Sensory Pollution and Microbial Contamination of Ventilation Filters

Abstract The sensory pollution load and microbial contamination of glass-fibre filters at high and low relative humidity were investigated in an experimental set-up in the laboratory. Dust and particles from the outdoor air were collected in two EU7 glass-fibre filters for a pre-conditioning period of 16–18 weeks during which there was a constant airflow with a velocity of 1.9 m/s through the filters. One of the filters was exposed to outdoor air of approximately 40% relative humidity and 10°C, the other to outdoor air of approximately 80% relative humidity and 5°C. The dust in ventilation filters can constitute a serious pollution source in the indoor environment, causing deterioration in the quality of the supply air even before it enters the ventilated spaces. The sensory pollution load from the used filters after the continuous operating time of 16–18 weeks was significantly higher than the sensory pollution load from new filters but the sensory load at 40% and 80% relative humidity did not differ. The microbial contamination of the supply air downstream of the filters, which on average had been exposed to outdoor air of 40% and 80% relative humidity, was negligible.     

Volatile Organic Compounds in Ventilating Air in Buildings at Different Sampling Points in the Buildings and their Relationship with the Prevalence of Occupant Symptoms

Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) are determined in intake, room-supply and room air in 86 office rooms in 29 office buildings in northern Sweden. Measurements of formaldehyde were also made in room air. Building and room characteristics were identified and symptom reports collected from 1087 office workers. Concentrations of TVOC and formaldehyde in room air were low, with mean values of 71 µg/m³ and 31 µg/m³, respectively. The TVOC concentration was generally lower in room air than in supply air or intake air. The “loss” (difference in measured values) of TVOC from supply to room air was associated with raised concentrations of formaldehyde and raised prevalences of occupant symptoms. High TVOC concentrations in room air were associated with reduced prevalences of occupant symptoms.     

东北农村科学储粮技术与新型装备的探索

阐述了中国东北三省玉米产区农户产后储粮的现状。由于农民整体科技储粮意识薄弱，缺乏适用的农村粮食通风干燥成套技术与装备，霉变、发芽等损失严重。综合论证了国家粮食局、科技部、财政部紧密结合《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》，在“十五”、“十一五”期间“粮食丰产科技工程”项目中，组织实施“三大平原农户储粮减损技术集成与示范”课题，建立农村储粮技术服务体系的必要性与深远意义。结合东北平原气候特点与农村储粮实际情况，自主研发了五种新型储粮装备，包括以自然通风为主、强制通风为辅的钢网式农用储粮自然干燥仓和适用于收储大户的小型移动式粮食干燥机，有效减少了农村产后储粮损失，提高了农村整体科技储粮水平。     

Development of a ventilation system utilizing thermal energy storage for granules containing phase change material

We have developed an experimental ventilation system that features direct heat exchange between ventilation air and granules containing a phase change material (PCM). Measurement of outlet air temperature when the inlet air temperature was periodically varied to simulate changes of outdoor ambient air temperature showed that the outlet air temperature was stabilized and remained within the phase change temperature range. This effect is expected to be useful in practical ventilation systems. The potential of such systems for reducing ventilation load was examined through computer simulation for eight representative cities of Japan. This revealed how different temperature conditions would affect required heat storage capacity.     

矿井下排水和通风生产工序的节电管理措施

本文分析了凡口铅锌矿井下主要排水、通风工序耗电大的原因,并相应提出了针对性的系列技术管理措施。     

万家寨引黄一期工程输水建筑物永久检修、补气、放空口的设计

引黄工程是一梯级泵站串联，长距离单线封闭输水系统，该系统工程的运行和维修是一项复杂的课题，永久检修，补气和放空设计是这项工程的重要组成部分。本文就这些附属建筑物的设计进行了简要阐述。