2011—2012年北京市密云县部分食品中重金属污染

目的了解北京市密云县部分食品中重金属污染物污染状况。方法检测按照国家标准GB／T5009执行,评价方法按照GB2762—2005和GB2760—2011执行。结果采集猪肾、松花蛋、腌制蛋、猪肝、鲜食用菌、干食用菌、玉米制品、大米、蔬菜、小麦和淡水小龙虾11类食品共350件样品,检测铅、镉、总汞含量,不合格件数为5件,不合格率为1．43％;合格件数为345件,合格率为98．57％;5件不合格食品为干食用菌,不合格项目为镉元素。结论密云县部分食品中重金属污染物检测结果为无明显污染。     

Chromosome inversions in lymphocytes of prostate cancer patients treated with X-rays and carbon ions

Background and purpose

To investigate the cytogenetic damage of the intrachange type in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients treated for prostate cancer with different radiation qualities.

Material and methods

Prostate cancer patients were enrolled in a clinical trial based at the Heidelberg University Hospital and at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in 2006. Patients were treated either with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) alone or with a carbon-ion boost followed by IMRT. Blood samples were collected at the end of the therapy and the mBAND technique was used to investigate the cytogenetic damage of the inter and intrachange types. Moreover, the mBAND analysis was performed on healthy donor cells irradiated in vitro with X-rays or C-ions.

Results

Our results show no statistically significant differences in the yield and the spectrum of chromosome aberrations among patients treated only with IMRT and patients receiving the combined treatment when similar target volumes and doses to the target are compared.

Conclusion

The study suggests that the risks of normal tissue late effects and second malignancies in prostate cancer patients are comparable when heavy ions or IMRT radiotherapy are applied.     

Calcium-dependent copper redistributions in neuronal cells revealed by a fluorescent copper sensor and X-ray fluorescence microscopy

Dynamic fluxes of s-block metals like potassium, sodium, and calcium are of broad importance in cell signaling. In contrast, the concept of mobile transition metals triggered by cell activation remains insufficiently explored, in large part because metals like copper and iron are typically studied as static cellular nutrients and there are a lack of direct, selective methods for monitoring their distributions in living cells. To help meet this need, we now report Coppersensor-3 (CS3), a bright small-molecule fluorescent probe that offers the unique capability to image labile copper pools in living cells at endogenous, basal levels. We use this chemical tool in conjunction with synchotron-based microprobe X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XRFM) to discover that neuronal cells move significant pools of copper from their cell bodies to peripheral processes upon their activation. Moreover, further CS3 and XRFM imaging experiments show that these dynamic copper redistributions are dependent on calcium release, establishing a link between mobile copper and major cell signaling pathways. By providing a small-molecule fluorophore that is selective and sensitive enough to image labile copper pools in living cells under basal conditions, CS3 opens opportunities for discovering and elucidating functions of copper in living systems.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定尿毒清颗粒中5种重金属元素的含量

目的利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定尿毒清颗粒中Cu、As、Cd、Hg、Pb的含量。方法供试品经微波消解,采用ICP-MS48法测定。结果尿毒清颗粒中5种重金属元素含量分别为0.4902、0.3043、0.0346、0.00059、0.0948ppm。结论该法测定尿毒清颗粒中5种重金属元素的含量较低,安全性好。     

重金属毒物镉对儿童健康的影响

镉是环境中普遍存在的重金属毒物之一.长期低剂量暴露于镉的环境中对肾脏、肝脏、肺脏、骨骼等多种组织器官造成损害,甚至致癌致畸.其中以肾脏、骨骼及肺脏损害较重.肾损害早期可表现为肾小管重吸收功能障碍,晚期可发展为肾功能不全.近年来对儿童体内镉负荷水平及健康损害的报道逐步增多.临床中应用尿β2-微球蛋白、α1-微球蛋白和尿N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶检测镉所致的早期肾小管功能障碍.生物学标志物肾损伤分子-l在检测镉所致肾小管损伤中逐步得到应用,可能优于传统指标.     

Radioresistance of sibling Drosophila species from Laguna Verde,Veracruz, México

Purpose: To identify and quantify if the generation of electricity by nuclear power plants produces an increase in background radiation that might affect the radioresistance of organisms that live in that area.

Materials and methods: Natural populations of two sibling species of Drosophila, D. melanogaster and D. simulans, living in the immediate vicinity of the Mexican Nuclear Power Plant in Laguna Verde were studied for 10 years. Collections of flies were made at two sites, one close to and one further from two reactors, during both the pre‐operational and operational stages of the reactors. The effect of exposure to various doses of gamma‐rays on egg‐to‐adult survival of the flies was analysed.

Results: The data obtained indicate that in both sites, egg‐to‐adult survival was higher in D. melanogaster than in D. simulans. There was an increase in the egg‐to‐adult survival during the pre‐operational period of one of the reactors and the possible causes are discussed. No differences were found between the two sites.

Conclusions: The analysis indicates that the reactors do not have a negative impact on the Drosophila populations studied.     

Socio-demographic correlates of six indicators of alcohol consumption: survey findings of students across seven universities in England,Wales and Northern Ireland

Background

This study assessed the prevalence of six alcohol consumption indicators in a sample of university students. We also examined whether students’ sociodemographic and educational characteristics were associated with any of the six alcohol consumption indicators; and whether associations between students’ sociodemographic and educational characteristics and the six alcohol consumption indicators differed by gender.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 3706 students enrolled at 7 universities in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. A self-administered questionnaire assessed six alcohol consumption measures: length of time of last (most recent) drinking occasion; amount consumed during last drinking occasion; frequency of alcohol consumption; heavy episodic drinking (≥ 5 drinks in a row); problem drinking; and possible alcohol dependence as measured by CAGE. The questionnaire also collected information on seven relevant student sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, academic year of study, current living circumstances - accommodation with parents, whether student was in intimate relationship, socioeconomic status of parents - parental education, income sufficiency) and two academic achievement variables (importance of achieving good grades at university, and one’s academic performance in comparison with one’s peers).

Results

The majority of students (65% of females, 76% of males) reported heavy episodic drinking at least once within the last 2 weeks, and problem drinking was prevalent in 20% of females and 29% of males. Factors consistently positively associated with all six indicators of alcohol consumption were male gender and perceived insufficient income. Other factors such as living away from home, being in 1^st or 2^nd year of studies, having no intimate partner, and lower academic achievement were associated with some, but not all indicators of alcohol consumption.

Conclusions

The high level of alcohol consumption calls for regular/periodic monitoring of student use of alcohol, and for urgent preventive actions and intervention programmes at the universities in the UK.     

Surgical outcome of a new modification to muscle belly union surgery in heavy eye syndrome

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To report the clinical outcomes of a new modification to muscle belly union surgery in heavy eye syndrome.

Methods: Muscle belly union was performed in patients with large-angle esotropia and characteristic findings of heavy eye syndrome on orbital imaging. After isolation of superior and lateral rectus muscle and passing a single armed suture in each muscle belly, approximation was achieved via tying of both arms of separate sutures together. Medial rectus (MR) was also recessed considering the results of the intraoperative force duction test.

Results: Surgery was conducted in 24 eyes of 16 patients. The mean preoperative esotropia was 93.71 ± 23.1 prism diopters (PD), which improved significantly after the operation (final esotropia: 11.53 ± 15.59 PD, P value = 0.001). Six patients also exhibited mild hypotropia preoperatively (9.33 ± 6.88 PD), which resolved completely after surgery in all cases. Evaluation of preoperative abduction limitation (minus 3.1 ± 1.83) showed a significant improvement postoperatively (minus 0.95 ± 0.68, P value = 0.000). Additionally, mild limitation of adduction (minus 1) was seen in nine patients due to large MR recession. However, none of the patients reported postoperative diplopia.

Conclusion: Our new approach in muscle belly union surgery resulted in favorable outcomes compared with previous studies. It seems that the two-suture technique presented in this study yields more convenient approximation of muscle bellies and acts as a safety suture upon spontaneous loosening of the first applied suture.     

重硅油眼内填充治疗未见裂孔的视网膜脱离临床疗效评价

目的评价重硅油眼内填充治疗未见裂孔的视网膜脱离的临床疗效。方法对未见裂孔的视网膜脱离患者7例（7眼）行玻璃体切割联合玻璃体腔重硅油（OxaneSO）填充术。结果术后随访89—248d,均未发现视网膜再次脱离;2例患者视力提高,2例视力不变,3例视力下降。术后5例眼压异常,其中2例患者眼压低于10mmHg,3例患者眼压高于21mmHg;2例患者发现少量前房重硅油浮游。未发现并发性白内障、重硅油乳化、严重的前房炎症反应等与硅油相关的其他并发症。结论对非裂孔源性视网膜脱离行玻璃体切割联合玻璃体腔重硅油填充术,可获得满意的视网膜复位效果,并发症发生率也较低,可提高患者的舒适性。