重金属毒物镉对儿童健康的影响

镉是环境中普遍存在的重金属毒物之一.长期低剂量暴露于镉的环境中对肾脏、肝脏、肺脏、骨骼等多种组织器官造成损害,甚至致癌致畸.其中以肾脏、骨骼及肺脏损害较重.肾损害早期可表现为肾小管重吸收功能障碍,晚期可发展为肾功能不全.近年来对儿童体内镉负荷水平及健康损害的报道逐步增多.临床中应用尿β2-微球蛋白、α1-微球蛋白和尿N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶检测镉所致的早期肾小管功能障碍.生物学标志物肾损伤分子-l在检测镉所致肾小管损伤中逐步得到应用,可能优于传统指标.

The effect of the toxic heavy metal of cadmium on the health of children

Cadmium is one of the toxic heavy metals prevalent in the environment.Long-term,even the lowest dose,exposures to this element can damage various organs including the kidney,liver,lung,skeleton,and might elevate the risk of cancer and deformity.The kidney,skeleton and lung are the tissues most affected by chronic cadmium toxicity.The early sign of renal dysfunction,as a main target for chronic cadmium exposure,is tubular dysfunction,and renal failure can be observed in the terminal stage.In recent years,studies about the burden of cadmium in childhood and health damage are gradually increased.Urinary β2-microglobulin,e1-microglobulin and N-acetyl 3-D-glucosamidase have been employed as markers monitoring for the early phase of cadmium exposure and nephrotoxicity.A biomarker named kidney injury molecule-1 aslo has been used for predicting cadmium-induced tubular impairment.It is reported that kidney injury molecule-1 may be more sensitive than traditional biomarkers.