A refined-JinQi-JiangTang tablet ameliorates prediabetes by reducing insulin resistance and improving beta cell function in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Refined-JQ (JQ-R) is a mixture of refined extracts from three major herbal components of JinQi-JiangTang tablet: Coptis chinensis (Ranunculaceae), Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae), and Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae). Our previous studies have indicated that JQ-R could decrease fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic mice and insulin resistance mice. Investigating the hypoglycemic effect of JQ-R on prediabetes has practical application value for preventing or delaying insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and possibly the development of clinical diabetes.

Materials and methods

The anti-diabetic potential of JQ-R was investigated using a high fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model. C57BL/6J mice (HFD-C57 mice) were fed with high-fat diet for 4 months. HFD-C57 mice were treated with either JQ-R (administered intragastrically once daily for 4 weeks) or metformin (as positive control), and the effects of JQ-R on body weight, blood lipids, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and beta cell function were monitored.

Results

The body weight, serum cholesterol, and the Homeostasis Model Assessment ratio (insulin resistance index) were significantly reduced in JQ-R or metformin-treated mice, and the glucose tolerance was enhanced and insulin response was improved simultaneously. Moreover, both JQ-R and metformin could activate liver glycogen syntheses even under a relatively high glucose loading. Although glyconeogenesis was inhibited in the metformin treated mice, it was not observed in JQ-R treated mice. Similar to metformin, JQ-R could also improve the glucose infusion rate (GIR) in hyperglycemic clamp test. JQ-R was also shown to increase the levels of phosphorylated AMPKα and phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), similar to metformin.

Conclusion

JQ-R could reduce HFD-induced insulin resistance by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, increasing insulin sensitivity through activating the AMPK signaling pathway, and subsequently improving β cell function. Therefore, JQ-R may offer an alternative in treating disorders associated with insulin resistance, such as prediabetes and T2DM.     

高效液相色谱—蒸发光散射检测法测定氨基糖苷类抗生素中硫酸盐含量的研究

目的:建立高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定氨基糖苷类抗生素中硫酸盐的含量。方法:采用ODS柱,以含0.015mol·L-1正已胺和0.025mol·L-1甲酸的水-乙腈（88:12）为流动相,流速为10mL·min-1,蒸发光散射检测,检测器温度:45℃,雾化气体（空气）压力:0.35 MPa。结果:SO42-在22～435μg·mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9997;平均回收率为99.8％,RSD=0.31％（n=6）;日内精密度（RSD=1.1％,n=8）良好。结论:本方法简便,快速,结果准确,可靠,重现性好。     

无紫外吸收的贝母总生物碱定量分析方法研究

目的 建立无紫外吸收的贝母总生物碱的定量分析方法。方法 以HPLC－ELSD（高效液相色谱－蒸发光散射检测器）的定量结果为依据，比较研究了贝母总生物碱的3种定量分析方法，即：两相滴定法，酸性染料比色法和非水滴定法。结果 对于总生物碱的应量分析，特别是当总生物碱中含有生物碱苷时，两相滴定法和酸性染料比色法的定量结果均偏低，只有非水滴定法的定量结果与实际值接近。结论 贝母中总生物碱的含量测定以非水滴定法为宜。     

HPLC-ELSD测定壳寡糖低聚木糖胶囊中的低聚木糖

目的 建立酰胺基亲水作用色谱的高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法(HPLC-ELSD)测定壳寡糖低聚木糖胶囊中的低聚木糖。方法 选用Waters XBridge Amide (4.6 mm×250 mm,3.5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.2%三乙胺为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL?min-1,进样量20μL,柱温45 ℃。结果 标准品和样品溶液中木糖和低聚木糖7个组分得到很好的分离,各组分在0.05~0.5 mg?mL-1内线性良好,相关系数r=0.999 4～0.999 9;7个组分在高低水平的添加回收率（n=6）在90.6%~103.2%,RSD均在4.0%以内;3批样品中低聚木糖含量X2~X7分别为313、312、310 mg?g-1,X2~X4分别为282、279、278 mg?g-1。结论 方法操作简单快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,为低聚木糖制品的质量控制及生产工艺研究提供更准确可靠的新方法。     

HPLC-DAD-ELSD 测定红古豆醇酯含量和有关物质方法的建立

  目的 建立二极管阵列检测器和蒸发光散射检测器联用高效液相色谱测定红古豆醇酯中红古豆醇和乙酰苦杏仁酸等有关物质及含量的方法。 方法 采用 Waters symmetry C₁₈ 柱 （ 4.6 mm × 150 mm ， 5 μm ）；以甲醇 -0.25% 五氟丙酸（含 30 mmo l·L^-1 甲酸铵）（ 45 ∶ 55 ）为流动相 ; 紫外检测器 ( 检测波长 219 nm) 和蒸发光散射检测器联用检测，柱温为室温。 结果 红古豆醇、乙酰苦杏仁酸和红古豆醇酯能够达到很好分离。其线性范围分别为 0.016 32 ~ 0.163 2 ， 0.005 65 ~ 0.113 g ·L^-1 ，和 0.228 2 ~ 2.282 g ·L^-1 ；平均回收率分别为 100.1% ， 101.2% 和 99.6% ， 结论 本法简单、准确、快速，可用于红古豆醇酯中红古豆醇、乙酰苦杏仁酸等有关物质的检查及含量测定。     

用超高效液相色谱蒸发光散射检测桔梗流浸膏指纹图谱的研究

目的建立桔梗流浸膏的指纹图谱检测方法,以达到质量的均一和稳定。方法采用UPLC-ELSD法,乙腈-水梯度洗脱,色谱柱:ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm),柱温:30℃,流速:0.2ml/min,在20min内,得到11个分离度良好的色谱峰。结果采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度软件计算,桔梗流浸膏样品相似度均大于0.90,符合指纹图谱要求。结论该方法经稳定性、重复性、精密度考察,是一种快速、准确的中药质量评价方法。     

参芪五味子片中黄芪甲苷的HPLC-ELSD测定方法

目的 建立参芪五味子片中黄芪甲苷的含量测定方法.方法 采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射(HPLC-ELSD)法,色谱柱Agilent-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(30:70),流速1.0 ml/min,蒸发管温度90℃,雾化器温度50℃,柱温35℃.结果 黄芪甲苷含量测定的线性范围为4...     

An HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection method for the quantification of PEGs and Gantrez in PEGylated nanoparticles

A rapid and precise HPLC method with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) for the separation and quantification of polyethyleneglycol 2000 (PEG 2000), polyethyleneglycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (Gantrez) in a nanosized pharmaceutical formulation has been developed. Separation was carried out on a PL aquagel-OH 30,8 μm column (300 mm × 7.5 mm), in a gradient elution with methanol–water as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Quantification was determined in supernatants of PEGylated nanoparticles and the quantification limits were found to be 0.075 mg/ml for polyethyleneglycols and 0.25 mg/ml for Gantrez. The precision did not exceed 8% and accuracy range for PEGs (−11.50 and 10.61%) and Gantrez (−12.18 and 14.81%) were always within the acceptable limits. The amount of polyethyleneglycol associated to nanoparticles was also calculated by a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method (¹H NMR). Likely, for both PEGs, a good relationship between both techniques was found. In summary, the developed HPLC technique provides an alternative for the routine and rapid analysis of PEGs and Gantrez in nanoparticle formulations.     

HPLC-ELSD法测定清开灵栓中胆酸和猪去氧胆酸的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射(HPLC-ELSD)检测法测定清开灵栓中胆酸和猪去氧胆酸含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为Diamonsil C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸-乙腈(梯度洗脱),ELSD检测器漂移管温度为110℃,氮气流速为2.0L·min-1。结果:胆酸和猪去氧胆酸的进样量分别在0.59～7.40μg(r=0.9996)、0.38～4.8μg(r=0.9997)范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系;二者平均回收率分别为99.20%和98.57%,RSD分别为1.4%(n=6)、1.8%(n=6)。结论:本方法简便、准确、分离效果好,可用于清开灵栓的质量控制。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定丹芪偏瘫胶囊中黄芪甲苷的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法测定丹芪偏瘫胶囊中黄芪甲苷含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为Intertex C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(32∶68),流速为1mL.min-1,柱温为室温。结果:黄芪甲苷检测浓度在0.0915～0.915mg·mL-1范围内的对数值与峰面积积分值的对数值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9995);平均回收率为101.12%,RSD=1.75%(n=6)。结论:本方法操作简便、结果准确、重现性好,可用于丹芪偏瘫胶囊的质量控制。