新型阻垢剂IA-SSS-MA聚合物的合成与表征

以衣康酸(IA)、苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)和马来酸酐(MA)为单体,以水为溶剂,过硫酸铵作引发剂,合成了衣康酸-苯乙烯磺酸钠-马来酸酐(IA-SSS-MA)三元聚合物阻垢剂,考察了单体配比、反应温度、引发剂量、滴加时间等对聚合物阻碳酸钙垢效果的影响,结果表明:当单体配比为IA∶SSS∶MA=5∶1∶0.25(摩尔比),反应温度100℃,引发剂量占单体总量13%,滴加时间为5 h,阻碳酸钙垢效果最好,阻垢率达到98.11%。     

国外过氧化氢在化学合成中应用研究进展

介绍了近期国外过氧化氢在部分化学品合成中应用研究新进展 ,产品包括过碳酸钠、过碳酰胺、4Na2 SO4·2H2 O2 ·NaCl加合物、叔胺氧化物、水合肼、二羟基苯、季铵盐过氧化氢和甲乙酮肟。内容涉及产品质量 (纯度、安定性、溶解速率、外观等 )、产品收率、催化剂、工艺过程等方面改进。主要介绍专利技术。     

（Nb_yTi_（1－y））C_x单晶体制备及其结构研究

用熔剂法制备了（Ｎｂ＿ｙ．Ｔｉ＿（１－ｙ））Ｃ＿ｒ单晶体，用Ｄｅｂｙｅ照相法及四圆衍射仪对其晶体结构进行了研究。实验结果表明，（Ｎｂ＿ｙＴｉ￣（１－ｙ）Ｃ＿ｘ中存在类似于作化学计量化合物ＴｉＣ＿ｘ及ＮｂＣ＿ｘ的有序一无序转变现象，转变温度随其化学成份改变在１１７５～１２８０Ｋ范围内变化。高温型（Ｎｂ＿ｙＴｉ￣（１－ｙ））Ｃ＿ｘ的晶体结构属ＮａＣｌ型结构，碳空位呈随机分布；低温型（Ｎｂ＿ｙＴｉ￣（１－ｙ））Ｃ＿ｘ的晶体中碳空位呈短程有序分布，可用Ｖ＿６Ｃ＿５晶体结构模型进行描述。     

硫氰酸钠法明胶改性腈纶的研究

采用丙烯腈对明胶接枝改性 ,然后与聚丙烯腈共混纺丝的方法 ,制备了明胶改性腈纶 ,研究了改性比 (明胶 /丙烯腈 ,质量比 )和明胶含量对明胶改性腈纶机械性能、吸湿保水性能的影响。研究结果表明 ,当改性比为 0 .7～ 2 .0 ,明胶含量不超过 5 .0 %时 ,改性腈纶具有良好的机械性能 (断裂强度大于 3 .1c N/dtex) ,可以满足后纺加工的需要 ;改性腈纶纤维亲水性能良好 ,随着改性比的减小、明胶含量的增加 ,其回潮率和保水率都逐渐增大。     

2,3-环氧丙磺酸钠催化合成与表征

以环氧氯丙烷、亚硫酸氢钠为原料,采用两步法合成2,3-环氧丙磺酸钠;考察了催化剂、溶剂、反应温度对反应的影响.通过条件和正交实验得出最佳反应条件:反应温度55℃,磷酸钠与3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠为1:1(摩尔比)时,每0.1 mol反应物加50 mL水.在最佳反应条件下,收率达85%以上.     

Paired electrooxidation IV. Decarboxylation of sodium gluconate to D-arabinose

A paired electrooxidative method has been developed to synthesize D-arabinose in a divided cell. D-arabinose is a material which has an important role in the production of vitamin B2 and DNA. Sodium gluconate was directly oxidized at the anode and indirectly oxidized in the catholyte by bubbling oxygen which was reduced to H₂O₂ and OH free radicals. In the catholyte, indirect oxidation of sodium gluconate was mediated by Fe³⁺ and OH free radicals. The optimal current efficiencies for D-arabinose production in the anolyte and catholyte were found to be 88.37% and 39.12%, respectively, and the total current efficiency of the paired electrooxidation was 127.49%. The paired electrosynthesis of D-arabinose is more economical in terms of power consumption than electrosynthesis that employ a single anode or cathode as the working electrode. The influence of cathodic/anodic CV and I/E curves, redox mediators and the amount of charge passed were also examined.     

Crosslinking of corn starch with sodium trimetaphosphate in solid state by microwave irradiation

Corn starch was crosslinked with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) in solid state under microwave irradiation to improve the degree of substitution (DS) and decrease the reaction time. The effects of modification factors on the crosslinking of starch were systematically studied. It was found that the microwave irradiation provided a convenient and efficient method to prepare crosslinked starch with sufficient DS. The DS value of crosslinked starches obtained by microwave irradiation was significantly improved and the reaction time was also dramatically decreased to achieve an appropriate DS value by microwave irradiation, when compared with using traditional method. The high microwave power provided faster reaction kinetics to obtain the desired DS value at an identical reaction condition. If the reaction temperature is lower than the decomposition temperature of crosslinked starch, the higher DS value can be achieved at the higher microwave power. It was detected that the DS data obtained by reacting intermittently was higher than those by reacting continuously. It was also noticed that DS data varied drastically with the increasing of the amount of STMP and sodium carbonate. The swelling ratio of crosslinked starch in water was lower than that of native starch because of the nongelatinization of highly crosslinked starch. SEM analysis indicated that the crosslinking of corn starch by microwave irradiation caused no significant changes in the microstructure of starch granules. Light microscope analysis also showed the uniformity of so‐prepared crosslinked corn starch applying microwave irradiation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5854–5860, 2006     

HANa-AANa共聚物作为多功能陶瓷添加剂的研究

通过自由基水溶液微波共聚法合成了腐植酸钠-丙烯酸钠(HANa-AANa)共聚物,将之应用于陶瓷料浆及坯体中,研究了HANa-AANa共聚物对陶瓷料浆流动性、坯体可塑性及坯体干燥强度的影响。通过和腐植酸钠的对比研究表明,HANa-AANa共聚物是一种较好的陶瓷多功能添加剂,对料浆具有良好的解凝性,同时对坯体具有较大的增塑、增强效果。     

铬酸酐副产物硫酸氢钠的利用

对生产铬酸酐时副产的含铬硫酸氢钠的利用作了评论，介绍了8种方法，即，化学沉淀法、磷酸沉淀法、铬酸铬法、电解氧化法、过硫酸钠氧化法、制商品硫酸氢钠、酸泥制碱式硫酸铬、硫酸氢钠制碱式硫酸铬，其中以化学沉淀法、磷酸沉淀法和铬酸铬法应用最广。     

氯酸钠-硫磺法制二氧化氯的研究

对硫磺还原氯酸钠制备二氧化氯的工艺条件进行了研究 ,反应的最佳条件是 :温度为 60～70℃ ,氯酸钠浓度为 4～ 5 mol/L,反应液中维持硫酸浓度为 1 mol/L以上。该法具有反应温和易于控制、硫酸消耗少、成本低廉和产品纯度高的优点