Steel slag waste combined with melamine pyrophosphate as a flame retardant for rigid polyurethane foams

To explore the potential application of industrial waste, steel slag powder in combination with melamine pyrophosphate (MPP) was adopted to improve the flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). The incorporation of steel slag slightly reduced the thermal conductivity of the resulting flame-retardant RPUF samples. The addition of MPP and/or steel slag did not significantly alter the thermal stability in terms of T_-10% and T_max but did obviously increase the T_-50% value, suggesting the improved thermal resistance of the residues. The coaddition of MPP and steel slag into RPUF resulted in higher LOI values and lower peak heat release rates than the samples incorporating either MPP or steel slag alone. The superior flame retardancy could be attributed to MPP promoting char formation, which then acted as a barrier at the beginning of RPUF thermal decomposition; simultaneously, the thermally stable inorganics in the steel slag powder strengthened the thermal resistance of this char layer.     

三聚氰胺磷酸盐改性蒙脱土的合成

分别将三聚氰胺磷酸盐(MP)插层进蒙脱土(MMT)和有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)中,制得改性产物MP-MMT和MP-OMMT。通过红外(IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)及扫描电镜(SEM)对制得的样品进行表征。结果表明;MP可对MMT和OMMT进行改性在MP用量不变的情况下MP对MMT的改性效果好于OMMT。     

Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Toughened Phenolic Foams Containing a Melamine Phosphate Borate

A melamine phosphate borate flame retardant was prepared through a solvothermal method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, element analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The incorporation of melamine phosphate borate into the phenolic foams toughened by polyethylene glycol results in an increase in limiting oxygen index and a decrease in peak heat release rate, smoke, and CO and CO₂ production. The mechanical tests reveal that the incorporation of melamine phosphate borate leads to a further improvement in flexural strength and compressive strength, and a decrease in the pulverization ratios of the toughened foams. Moreover, the thermal stability of the toughened PF foams containing melamine phosphate borate was studied.     

Determination of melamine in infant formulas by fluorescence quenching based on the functionalized Au nanoclusters

An environmentally benign and cost-effective assay was developed for the fast determination of melamine (MA) with tiopronin-stabilized gold nanoclusters (TPN-AuNCs) as a fluorophore. The TPN-protected gold nanoclusters which exhibit strong fluorescence emission were prepared by a simple one-vessel procedure. Upon addition of melamine to TPN-AuNCs, a dramatic decrease in their fluorescence intensity was observed, attributing to the electrostatic attraction between the MA and the surface of the TPN-AuNCs which induces the aggregation of TPN-AuNCs. Parameters affecting the detection of MA were investigated including pH, amount of TPN-AuNCs, temperature as well as reaction time. Under the optimized experimental conditions, trace amounts of MA could be analyzed based on the reduction in the fluorescence intensity of TPN-AuNCs. A linear relationship was established at concentrations ranging from 0.09 μM to 100 μM. The detection limit at 32 nM was achieved for this method. The developed method has been successfully applied to the determination of MA in several spiked infant formulas samples purchased from a local supermarket. Excellent recoveries at 92.0–102.2% and precision (RSD: 1.14–2.80%) were attained, respectively, which confirmed the great potential of tiopronin-stabilized gold nanoclusters toward practical measurement of melamine in infant formulas of samples.     

焦磷酸络锰(Ⅲ)引发炭黑表面接枝聚合研究

在焦磷酸络锰（」Ｍｎ（Ｈ２Ｐ２Ｏ７）３」＾３－发体系的作用下,炭黑与丙烯酰胺单体发生接枝聚合。讨论了引发剂浓度,单体浓度、温度,ＰＨ值对接枝聚合反应的接枝率的影响。采用电镜、红外和吸光度等手段对碳黑－丙烯酰胺接枝聚合产物进行了结构与性能的表征。     

The yeast PRS3 gene is required for cell integrity, cell cycle arrest upon nutrient deprivation, ion homeostasis and the proper organization of the actin cytoskeleton.

PRS3 is one of a family of five genes encoding phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase, an enzyme which catalyses the first step in a variety of biosynthetic pathways, including purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. We report here that prs3Delta mutants have a number of phenotypes that suggest an unexpected role for PRS3 in linking nutrient availability to cell cycle progression, cell integrity and the actin cytoskeleton. Upon nutrient limitation, prs3Delta mutants fail to arrest in G(1)-cells remain budded and a significant fraction have a G(2) DNA content. Furthermore, in such conditions, prs3Delta mutants have a disorganized actin cytoskeleton: actin accumulates in one or two intensely staining clumps per cell. Prs3Delta mutants also show defects in ion homeostasis and cell integrity. They fail to grow on medium containing 1.0 M NaCl, 5 mM caffeine or when incubated at 37 degrees C. The caffeine and temperature sensitivity are rescued by supplementing the growth medium with 1.0 M sorbitol. These phenotypes resemble those of whi2Delta mutations and indeed, a prs3 allele was recovered in a colony-sectoring screen for mutations that are co-lethal with whi2Delta. However, further investigation showed that the prs3Delta whi2Delta double mutant was viable, with no obvious growth defect compared to either single mutant. In the same colony-sectoring assay, an mpk1 allele was also recovered. Multicopy PRS3 rescued the caffeine sensitivity of this mpk1 allele.     

焦磷酸盐镀铜生产工艺(Ⅲ)

13常见故障及其排除方法[1,4,12] 13.1镀层粗糙、毛刺和结瘤 基体金属或预镀层粗糙;镀液中有"铜粉"或其他固体悬浮粒子;镀液中有机杂质过多,铅等异金属杂质过多或被CN-沾污;镀液pH值太高;温度偏高;电流密度过大;阳极溶解不正常;铜含量过高或焦磷酸钾含量过低等都会引起镀层粗糙、毛刺和结瘤.     

液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定乳与乳制品中的三聚氰胺

目的建立乳与乳制品中三聚氰胺的液相色谱-质谱/质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法。方法样品用三氯乙酸溶液和乙腈提取,经阳离子交换固相萃取柱(SPE)净化后,用液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定和确证,外标法定量。结果在0.01～0.50μg/ml范围内呈线性相关,相关系数为0.999 2,方法测定低限(LOQ)为0.01 mg/kg。在0.01～0.10μg/ml添加浓度范围内,方法回收率为80.4%～107.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤9.4%。结论本方法操作简便,灵敏度、准确度、精密度可满足乳与乳制品中三聚氰胺的检测要求。     

高效液相色谱法测定乳与乳制品中的三聚氰胺

目的建立乳与乳制品中三聚氰胺的测定方法。方法样品用0.1 mol/L的盐酸提取,再用60 g/L的磺基水杨酸沉淀蛋白。缓冲液为10 mmol/L柠檬酸与10 mmol/L辛烷磺酸钠混合溶液,以缓冲液 乙腈(85 15,体积比)为流动相,使用Kromasil KR100-5C8柱,配备有二极管阵列检测器的高效液相色谱仪在200~400 nm范围内对待测组分进行分离和测定。结果样品中三聚氰胺的添加回收率在80%~105%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于5.24%,方法的定量限为1.0 mg/kg。结论该方法快速、准确,操作简便,能够满足乳与乳制品中三聚氰胺的分析要求。     

ATR—IR和固体NMR法分析鉴别仿瓷餐具的材质

目前,市场上存在着用脲醛树脂代替密胺树脂为原料生产的仿瓷餐具。为有效地鉴别这2种不同原料的制品,本文采用衰减全反射红外（ATR—IR）和固体核磁共．撩（S-13CNMR）方法,分析市售的仿瓷餐具。ATR—IR实验结果表明：810cm^-1处为密胺餐具的特征峰,1630cm^-1处为脲醛餐具的特征峰。同时,S-13CNMR实验表明：δc159为脲醛中羰基的特征化学位移,δc166为密胺的氮杂环上碳的特征化学位移。2种方法均可以有效地对仿瓷餐具的材质进行分析鉴别,但前者实用性更强。