离轴全息的普遍表述

在旁轴近似下,将平面透明物体置于任何位置和选择任何取向,以及物光束与参考光束呈任意夹角的情况下,讨论了全息的记录和重建,给出了重建的Fresnel衍射的普遍关系式,也得到也得到了成像关系的一些特征。     

柱面波分解测量反射系数的一些分析

论述了对于用声全息反演法测量水声材料任意入射角的反射系数,用柱面波分解比平面波分解优越的理由,平面波分解计算采用快速傅立叶变换受到波数域的分辨率及声波波长的限制,不能测量到任意入射角的反射系数;而柱面波分解理论则无上述限制,能测量任意入射角的反射系数,柱面波分解法利用了声源及测试材料声反射面的轴对称性,只需测量半径方向上的复声压数据,极大地减少了工作量。随后以水中8毫米厚的铝板为例,通过数值模拟,分析了测量过程中各种因素对测量精度的影响,这些因素包括测量半径、阵元及阵位置误差、阵元间隔、测量面高度的定位误差等,指出了实际测量过程中对这些因素均有很高的要求,低频条件下声源若不满足指向性很高的要求,测量大入射角的反射系数仍然存在困难。     

光致聚合物全息光栅曝光特性的研究

为了研究采用由曙红做染料、丙烯酰胺和亚甲基双丙烯酰胺构成的光致聚合物制成的全息透射光栅的曝光特性,用实验的方法探索了光栅空间频率、曝光强度、曝光时间等因素对该透射光栅衍射效率的影响。实验表明,聚合物全息透射光栅空间频率,曝光强度,曝光时间都有一个互相关联的最佳范围,在这一范围内衍射效率能达到最大值。当聚合物光栅在空间频率为2751 line/mm附近,曝光强度在12mW~15mW之间,曝光量在770mJ/cm2左右时,衍射效率最大。最大衍射效率能达到75%左右,在全息光栅中衍射效率较高。     

全息干板的时间响应特性

全息干板的感光过程涉及到银原子和光电子的动力学过程,这些动力学特性决定了全息干板对不同曝光时间尺度具有不同的感光效率。介绍了用随机过程方法建立的全息干板时间响应理论模型,用该模型分析了SlavichVRP-M型全息干板的时间响应特性并进行了数值模拟。设计了三套不同的曝光实验装置用于时间响应特性的研究,给出了8个时间点的实验数据,在曝光量不变的情况下,曝光时间范围为0.5 ns~10 s。实验结果与理论结果比较吻合,表明全息干板在曝光过程中存在低照度和高照度互易律失效。最后简要分析了互易律失效对全息照相的影响。     

基于同轴菲涅耳全息的标识印刷防伪技术

在研究双随机相位数据加密技术的基础上,结合数字全息技术和印刷技术的特点,提出了一种新的同轴菲涅耳全息标识防伪方法,利用双随机相位加密复数数据信息(物光信息),与参考光叠加形成同轴全息图像。理论分析了同轴菲涅耳全息方法能有效地恢复原始图像数据,并对加密的同轴菲涅耳全息图像的强抗位压缩性能进行了仿真,最后通过打印和扫描对同轴菲涅耳全息标识的防伪功能进行了验证。结果表明,该全息标识防伪方法具有强的抗位压缩能力,可以通过逆菲涅耳变换和多重解密密钥恢复原始认证信息,是一种十分有效的全息标识。该全息标识方法可通过可变数据印刷技术印制在证件等印刷品中作为个性化防伪标识。     

数字全息显微系统的成像分辨率分析

根据成像理论和全息系统的点扩散函数,研究了数字全息显微系统的成像分辨率,给出了无预放大和有预放大情况下成像分辨率的表达式,指出了只有当CCD的成像分辨率等于或高于显微物镜(MO)的成像分辨率时,预放大数字全息系统的成像分辨率才取决于显微物镜的数值孔径(NA);反之,系统的成像分辨率则取决于CCD的数值孔径。采用无透镜傅里叶变换全息记录光路,对美国空军分辨率测试板进行了实验研究,结果表明再现像在水平和垂直方向的极限分辨率分别为3.91μm和4.38μm,与理论分析相吻合。对条纹物体进行了全息图的模拟记录和再现,结果与理论分析相一致。     

基于数字全息图记录方法的实验研究

本文从数字全息记录及再现的基本原理出发,设计出了记录硬币,以及立体人像全息图的方法.相比较而言,硬币属于平面物体,能很好的控制其反射的光线,也使得记录其全息图变得相对简单.而诸如人像等三维物体不同于硬币,光照到后会发生散射现象,故反射光线的方向很难控制,且物光很微弱,所以要想记录其全息图是较困难的.经过不断的探索,本文设计出了可以较好的记录人头等三维物体的光路图,并通过数字再现得到了比较满意的效果.最后,提出了一种消除零级衍射的方法,可使图像更加清晰.     

Controllable synthesis of elongated hexagonal bipyramid shaped La(OH)<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanorods and the distribution of electric property by off-axis electron holography

Rare earth oxides/hydroxides are important emerging materials owing to their unique properties. Shape-controlled synthesis of elongated hexagonal bipyramid shaped La(OH)₃ nanorods with different aspect ratios and trigram-shaped LaCO₃OH nanosheets was systematically carried out by controlling the reaction conditions. Hydrazine and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surfactants used in synthesis are assumed to play a key “dual-template” role in determining the aspect ratio and shape of the resulting nanostructures. Elongated hexagonal bipyramid shaped La(OH)₃ nanorods were found to grow along the preferred orientation [0001]. Six equivalent crystallographic facets, \((20\bar 20)\), \((02\bar 20)\), \((2\bar 200)\), \((0\bar 220)\), \((\bar 2200)\), and \((\bar 2020)\) lattice planes, were found to be exposed on the side surfaces on each nanorod as confirmed by combined transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses. A double-polarization phenomenon was found to occur at the nanorod surfaces by employing off-axis electron holography, implying that the material could be used as an effective dielectric microwave absorber. La(OH)₃ nanorods with larger aspect ratios exhibit better absorption properties with respect to the maximum reflection loss and effective absorbing bandwidth. Thus, a novel method towards the reasonable design of bipyramid shaped La(OH)₃ nanorods exhibiting tunable microwave absorption properties is proposed based on our synthesis strategy.

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An investigation on general corrosion and pitting of iron with the in-line digital holography

In the anodic processes of the iron electrode in both neutral and acidic solutions, general corrosion and pitting dynamical processes in the presence of chloride ions were observed in situ with the in-line digital holography. The dynamic processes such as formation and dissolution of the passive film, initiation and propagation of pitting have been studied. During the general corrosion, not only is the temporal structure in order, evidenced by the regular change of current with time, but also the spatial structure, indicated by the uniform fringes in the holograms at the electrode/electrolyte interface. However, during the pitting processes, the order of the spatial structure is destroyed, which is indicated by the wrinkled fringes in the holograms; the temporal order is broken as well evidenced by the irregular change of current with time. The experimental result shows that there is synergistic effect between H⁺ and Cl⁻ on both the initiation stage and the propagation stage. With the presence of chloride ions, pitting occurs much more easily in acidic solution than in neutral solution.     

An electro-optic holography system with real-time arithmetic processing

This paper reports the use of a real-time arithmetic image processor in an electro-optic holography system. A speckle interferometer is used to combine an image of an object, lit by laser light, with a mutually coherent reference beam. A CCD TV camera detects the interference pattern, and the phase of the reference beam is advanced by 90° between frames. An image is generated from each set of four sequential TV frames by subtracting alternate frames, squaring, and adding the two results. The result is improved picture quality compared with the use of binary pixels and compared with electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Experimental results are shown.