Competition Between Endogenous and Exogenous Orienting of Visual Attention.

The relation between reflexive and voluntary orienting of visual attention was investigated with 4 experiments: a simple detection task, a localization task, a saccade toward the target task, and a target identification task in which discrimination difficulty was manipulated. Endogenous and exogenous orienting cues were presented in each trial and their validity was manipulated orthogonally to examine whether attention mechanisms are mediated by separate systems and whether they have additive and independent effects on visual detection and discrimination. The results showed that each orienting mechanism developed its typical and independent effect in every case except for the difficult identification task. A theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between endogenous and exogenous orienting of attention is proposed, tested, and confirmed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

红外光谱法快速鉴别PE和PVC保鲜膜

利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪直接采集PE和PVC食品保鲜膜的红外投射光谱,比较了两种食品保鲜膜的红外光谱特征,明确了各自主要特征峰的归属.通过检索标准谱库与标准谱图进行对照,对两种保鲜膜进行了定性鉴定.该方法不需要任何样品前处理过程,具有快速、方便、准确的优点,是对市场上两种食品保鲜膜进行快速定性鉴别的理想方法之一.     

1H-spectroscopic imaging with read gradient during acquisition in inhomogeneous fields: analysis, measurement strategy, and data processing

The proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging techniques that use read gradient during acquisition produce proton spectra with high spatial and moderately high spectroscopic resolution in a reasonable time forin vivo applications. These techniques suffer mainly from the spatial and pectral distortions caused by the convolution of spectral/spatial information (chemical-shift artifacts) and from the spectral shifts caused by static magnetic field inhomogeneities. The investigators analyze the chemical-shift artifacts in the presence of nonnegligible static magnetic field inhomogeneities and propose a postdetection processing scheme to correct for such effects. Spectral artifacts caused by chemical shifts, spectral line overlapping, streak broadening, and magnetic field inhomogeneities are discussed. The postdetection data processing scheme is demonstrated on measurements of a phantom as well as a human leg. Supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council, project B-96-17x-006676-14A, and by Uppsala University are gratefully acknowledged. One of us (J.W.) is indebted to the Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, for continuous support, VEGA Grant No. 95/5305/585,468 & 2/1207/96     

关于平等就业的法律思考

当前各种就业歧视现象的大量存在,说明我国法律对平等就业的保护乏力。应从宪法到劳动法律对相关内容重新审视,并从范围、内容、保护手段等方面修改完善立法对平等就业的保护。     

m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) Modulates the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Cocaine Through Actions at the 5-HT?C Receptor.

Agonists acting at the serotonin-1B receptor (5-HT?BR) and 5-HT?CR have been reported to potentiate and block, respectively, the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine. The present investigation reassessed the antagonistic effects of the mixed 5-HT?C/?BR agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) on the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in the presence or absence of selective antagonism of the 5-HT?BR or 5-HT?CR. The stimulus effects of cocaine were attenuated by mCPP at doses that reduced response rates. The selective 5-HT?CR antagonist SB 242084, but not the selective 5-HT?BR antagonist GR 127935, reversed the mCPP-evoked attenuation of the cocaine cue and the suppression of response rates. These results demonstrate that the suppressive effects of mCPP on cocaine discrimination are related to stimulation of the HT?CR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Opposing Effects of D? and D? Receptor Activation on Odor Discrimination Learning.

Dopaminergic modulation of cortical activity has been implicated in the formation of reward associations. There is abundant evidence for dopaminergic effects on olfactory processing. Using an olfactory discrimination task, the authors show that D? and D? dopamine receptors can regulate rats' olfactory discrimination capacities and that the effects of receptor activation functionally oppose one another. Injection of either the D? agonist SKF 38393 (10 mg/kg) or the D? antagonist spiperone (0.62 mg/kg) facilitated the discrimination of similar odorants but had no effect on the discrimination of dissimilar odorants, whereas both the D, antagonist SCH 23390 (0.025 mg/kg) and the D? agonist quinpirole (0.2 mg/kg) significantly impaired rats' ability to discriminate similar and dissimilar odorants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Intramaze and Extramaze Cue Processing in Adult APPSWE Tg2576 Transgenic Mice.

The present study examined spatial and nonspatial learning in adult Tg2576 mice. Transgenic mice were impaired in acquisition of a T-maze forced-choice alternation task. However, mutant mice were as sensitive as control mice to the introduction of retention intervals and proactive interference, and this suggested that short-term memory processes were intact in Tg2576 mice. Probe trials revealed that the Tg2576 mice did not use an allocentric strategy to navigate to the goal arm. However, mutant mice acquired an intramaze brightness discrimination, a simple room discrimination, and a contextual biconditional left-right discrimination in a T maze. Results suggest that Tg2576 mice are able to process both intramaze and extramaze stimuli but are impaired in forming an allocentric representation of their environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Improving the MCA Spectra of BC‐400 Plastic Scintillation Detectors at Room Temperature

Abstract

In the presented work, the leading edge timing and constant fraction discrimination timing techniques were applied to beta rays emitted from a ¹³⁷Cs radioactive source through the developed spectrometers in order to improve the beta energy spectrum of the source. The energy spectra, with and without the techniques, were obtained with a BC‐400 plastic scintillation detector. The obtained spectra were compared with each other for the elimination of spurious pulses, which rise from background, backscattering, scattering, and any radiations other than the source, on the multichannel analyzer output.     

人脸识别技术综述

文章首先对人脸识别技术进行了介绍，其次回顾了人脸识别研究的发展历程及识别方法的基本分类，然后对当前主流的人脸识别方法展开了详细的论述，最后提出了人脸识别技术面临的问题及研究方向。     

边缘与区域不一致性引导下的图像拼接篡改检测网络

目的 针对已有图像拼接篡改检测方法中存在的真伪判断分类精度不高、拼接篡改区域定位不准确问题，本文设计了一种篡改边缘两侧和篡改区域内外不一致性引导下的重点关注篡改区域与篡改边缘的图像拼接篡改检测卷积神经网络。方法 图像内容在篡改过程中，拼接物体的边缘都会留下篡改痕迹，这是图像拼接篡改检测的重要线索。因此，本文设计了一条篡改边缘提取分支，通过学习拼接物体边缘两侧的不一致性，重点提取拼接篡改区域的边缘轮廓。考虑到篡改边缘像素点过少会导致网络难以收敛，提出一个边缘加粗策略，形成一个边缘加粗的"甜甜圈"，使得篡改边缘提取结果更具完整性。在不同图像采集过程中，所用相机设备和光线条件等因素不同，导致每幅图像包含的信息也不尽相同。对此，设计了一条篡改区域定位分支，重点学习来自不同图像拼接区域与周围区域之间不一致性的差异化特征，并将注意力机制引入图像拼接篡改检测的篡改区域定位分支，进一步提高对拼接篡改区域的学习关注程度。面向真伪判断设计了一条图像是否经过拼接篡改的二分类网络分支，不但可以快速有效地给出输入图像是否为篡改图像的判断结果，而且可以与上述两条分支的输出结果一起提供给用户，由用户结合视觉语义信息进行综合判断。结果 本文算法与已有的4个代表性方法在4个专业数据集上进行算法实验和性能比较。在真伪判断分类的精确度方面，在Dresden、COCO（common objects in context）、RAISE（a raw images dataset for digital image forensics）和IFS-TC（information forensics and security technical committee）数据集上分别提高了8.3%、4.6%、1.0%和1.0%；在篡改区域定位的准确度方面，F1评分与重叠度IOU（intersection over union）指标较已有方法分别提升了9.4%和8.6%。结论 本文算法将真伪判别分类、篡改区域定位和篡改边缘提取融合在一起，互相促进，较大提升了各分支任务的性能表现，在图像拼接篡改检测方面取得了优于已有方法的效果，为数字图像取证技术领域的研究工作拓展了思路。