A comparative study on the effect of loading speed and surface scratches on the flexural strength of aluminosilicate glass: Annealed vs. chemically strengthened

Quasi-static and dynamic three-point-bending experiments were conducted on both annealed and chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass scratched by different normal loads. Scratched areas were observed by optical microscope and atomic force microscope. Chemically strengthened glass shows better resistance to surface scratch. These dynamic experiments were carried out using a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) device and a pulse-shaping technique was used to keep constant loading speed to the specimens. In tests, high-speed photography was also used to observe the failure process of the specimens. The test results showed that the flexural strength of aluminosilicate glass (AG) strongly depends on the applied loading speed. Compared with its annealed counterpart, the chemically strengthened glass (CSG) showed higher flexural strength to both static and dynamic loadings. Moreover, the three-point bending experiments were conducted on scratched AG and CSG specimens and decrease of 20–40% in flexural strength was observed. The fractography analysis showed that in dynamic loading conditions the fracture surface was not smooth and has more secondary cracks as compared to static loading.     

全轻纤维混凝土的SHPB冲击强度与耗能效应

以LC30全轻页岩陶粒混凝土为基准,对聚丙烯纤维、钢纤维和多壁碳纳米管不同组合掺入方式,分别进行了静力和分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)冲击试验,利用HJC模型和LS-DYNA软件对素混凝土和钢纤维混凝土的动态应力-应变曲线进行了数值模拟。结果表明:全轻纤维混凝土不仅具有应变率效应和临界值,而且还具有强度效应和能量效应;并随应变率提高,其动态峰值应力和峰值应变、总能耗随之增大,且动态应力增长系数与应变率的对数具有显著相关性,但纤维掺入方式具有明显的差异性。其中,单掺时以聚丙烯纤维为最好,双掺时差异不大,三掺时为最好。数值模拟与试验曲线相近,但峰值应力较大和下降段差异较大,表明HJC模型对全轻混凝土及其纤维混凝土具有一定的局限性。     

含初始损伤的水泥砂浆材料的动态本构关系研究

建立了含初始损伤的水泥砂浆试件的两种动态损伤演化模型及本构模型 ,然后通过霍普金森压杆对水泥砂浆试件进行了冲击压缩试验。结果表明 ,正交异性损伤演化模型更适合描述实际介质的损伤 ,从而建立了水泥砂浆材料的正交异性动态本构方程。     

不同强度混凝土高温下动态劈拉性能研究

采用大直径分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置和加温装置,在不同温度(20 ℃、200 ℃和400 ℃)下对3种不同强度(C20、C45和C70)混凝土材料开展不同应力率的动态劈裂拉伸实验,得到了温度和应力率耦合作用下混凝土材料的动态劈裂强度及相应的破坏形态。实验结果表明,混凝土材料的动态劈裂强度随应力率的增加而增加,且应力率相近时,其动态劈裂强度随温度的增加而明显降低。在此基础上给出了描述混凝土材料在不同温度下的动态劈裂强度与应力率关系的表达式,并确定了相关材料参数。通过对不同应力率和温度耦合作用下混凝土材料的动态劈裂强度进行横向对比,发现混凝土材料动态劈裂强度的温度敏感性随应力率的增加逐渐减小,并且随着混凝土材料强度的增加其温度敏感性也逐渐变小,但是其动态劈裂强度的应力率敏感性却随着温度的升高逐渐增大。     

回火温度对50SiMnVB合金钢动态力学性能的影响

研究回火温度对50SiMnVB合金钢动态力学性能的影响.首先对正火50SiMnVB合金钢进行淬火处理,然后分别进行200℃,300℃,400℃,500℃,600℃回火处理并测试其硬度.从正火50SiMnVB合金钢和回火后的5组试样中选出硬度差别较大的3组试样,分别进行SHPB（Split Hopkinson PressureBar）实验.研究了回火温度对这3组试样动态力学性能的影响,结果表明：50SiMnVB合金钢属于应变率敏感材料,其中：200℃回火50SiMnVB合金钢在同一应变率下,屈服强度最高,但实验结果为45°剪切断裂,材料塑性变差;正火50SiMnVB合金钢和600℃回火50SiMnVB合金钢没有发生动态压缩破坏,在高应变率下表现为塑性材料.     

Dynamic deformation behavior of aluminum alloys under high strain rate compressive/tensile loading

Mechanical properties of the materials used for transportations and industrial machinery under high strain rate loading conditions such as seismic loading are required to provide appropriate safety assessment to these mechanical structures. The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) technique with a special experimental apparatus can be used to obtain the material behavior under high strain rate loading conditions. In this paper, dynamic deformation behaviors of the aluminum alloys such as A12024-T4, A16061T-6 and A17075-T6 under both high strain rate compressive and tensile loading conditions are determined using the SHPB technique.     

Compressive Behaviour and Failure Mechanisms of GFRP Composite at High Strain Rates

Experimental investigations into the compressive behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite at high strain rates were carried out using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) setup. The GFRP laminates were made from E-glass fibers and epoxy resins by vacuum assisted compression molding machine. The results of the compressive tests indicated that the mechanical behavior of the GFRP composite depends highly on the strain rate. The compressive peak stress, toughness and Young''s modulus of the GFRP composite increased with the increase of strain rate, while the strain level at the initial stages of damage was shortened with the increase of strain rate. In addition, the dynamic deformation behavior and failure process of the specimens were observed directly by using a high-speed camera. Following the experiments, the fracture morphologies and damage modes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the possible failure mechanisms of the specimens. The results showed that multiple failure mechanisms appeared, such as matrix crack, fiber-matrix debonding, fiber failure and shear fracture.     

1-3型水泥基压电复合材料在冲击载荷下的电学响应

采用切割-浇注法制备1-3型水泥基压电复合材料,并利用分离式霍普金森压杆测量装置(SHPB),对PZT5压电陶瓷和1-3型水泥基压电复合材料在冲击载荷作用下的力电响应进行实验研究与分析。研究表明:在冲击载荷作用下,PZT5压电陶瓷和1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的电位移与应力具有较好的动态响应;在相同荷载作用下,两者的电位移随应变率的增加而增加,且产生相同应变所对应的应力值也随着应变率的增加而增加,表现出"率相关"的材料特征。     

云驾岭煤矿无烟煤的动态本构模型研究

大直径霍普金生压杆试验表明：云驾岭煤矿无烟煤的动态本构曲线具有显著的塑性屈服特征，初始弹性模量Eb、屈服强度σs与极限强度σb都随着应变率的增加而提高，但屈服强度最为显著。根据试验曲线的特征，在对既有岩石动态本构模型进行分析和初步的拟合后，引入一个新的损伤型黏弹性本构模型，以1根线性弹簧和2个不同松弛时间的Maxwell体并联的黏弹性模型表达无烟煤显著的塑性流动，2个Maxwell体分别表示无烟煤的低应变率响应和高应变率响应，以动态应力-应变曲线任-点与原点连线的斜率E（εi）相对于初始模量Eb的降低来度量损伤D。模型的数值拟合曲线与实测动态本构曲线具有较好的一致性。拟合参数表明，无烟煤对低应变率的响应与混凝土相同，对高应变率的敏感性远远高于混凝土。     

30CrMnSiNi2A钢在不同应变率下的力学性能研究

选用30CrMnSiNi2A钢的3组试样:正火处理,硬度为19(标号1)、860℃淬火200℃回火,硬度为49(标号2)、860℃淬火600℃回火,硬度为34(标号3),在电子万能材料实验机和SHPB动态测试装置上进行不同应变率下的静态压缩和动态冲击实验。结果显示,30CrMnSiNi2A钢屈服强度具有一定的应变率敏感性。根据静态、动态实验结果,结合Perzyna公式,得到3组试样钢屈服强度与应变率之间的关系式。进一步利用实验结果,结合Johnson-Cook模型拟合出3组试样钢的本构方程,通过拟合方程得到的应力-应变曲线与实验所得应力-应变曲线非常吻合,表明该方程能较好描述试样的本构关系。