2011—2013年淄博市中心医院肠内营养药物应用调查分析

目的:评价淄博市中心医院肠内营养药物的使用情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:从医院信息系统中提取该院2011—2013年住院患者肠内营养制剂的使用数量、销售金额,利用限定日剂量(DDD)方法进行用药频度(DDDs)、限定日费用(DDC)、药物利用指数(DUI)的计算。结果:该院肠内营养药物的销售金额逐年上升,2013年比2011年增长了16倍。所有品种的DDDs均大幅增长,DUI反映出的药物应用情况与DDC一致。结论:临床医师对肠内营养支持的重视程度不断提高,如何促进临床营养治疗的合理开展,尚需要临床医师与药师的共同努力。     

麻醉性镇痛药物临床规范化实施的探讨

目的：通过对医院肿瘤科麻醉性镇痛药物的使用情况分析,掌握癌症疼痛治疗规范化的具体实施,探讨临床药师的职责。方法通过对医院2011年10月17日-2012年3月31日肿瘤科出院患者509例麻醉性镇痛用药的使用情况,采用世界卫生组织（ WHO）推荐的限定日剂量（ DDD）,计算各药用药频度（ DDDs）、药物利用指数（ DUI）;以及联合用药等分类排序,及对个别病例的具体分析。结果509例出院患者中153例于住院期间使用麻醉性镇痛药物,其中女47例,男106例,麻醉性镇痛药物使用率为30.06％。结论麻醉性镇痛药物规范化的实施,是改善患者生活质量和提升疼痛处理水平最有效的必由之路,临床药师应熟练掌握药物使用原则,积极配合临床开展有关工作。     

An Exploratory Analysis of Women and Men Within a Self-Help,Communal-Living Recovery Setting: A New Beginning in a New House

In the present exploratory study, women without children (n = 13) and women with children (n = 23) were compared to men (n = 35) on demographic and self-reported variables on entering a communal-living, self-help recovery program called Oxford House. Men were more often hospitalized for their addiction than either group of women, and men and women with children were older and had been previously hospitalized longer for their addiction than women without children. There were no significant differences among groups in terms of their codependency on others, and men felt a stronger sense of camaraderie with other residents than women with or without children. Men and women with children also tended to feel they shared more in the decisions within their house than did women without children. Further, with partial correlates (controlling for the number of children), women with children indicated that the greater their self-reported codependency, the less accepting they were of their children and the more depressed they were about their parenting abilities. Dysfunctional characteristics of the children also were related to negative characteristics in the children reported by their mothers. In short, men and women with and without children entering an Oxford House have similar profiles, yet women with children have additional stressors associated with parental responsibilities.     

Depressive Symptoms,Drinking Consequences,and Motivation to Change in First Time DWI Offenders

Background: Psychological disorders are common among driving-while-intoxicated (DWI) offenders; thus, a DWI arrest may serve as an important opportunity for further screening and subsequent treatment. Objectives: The current study examined the extent to which mild to moderate pretreatment depressive symptoms, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), could predict intervention outcomes in 284 first-time DWI offenders. Methods: Participants were given drinking-related and psychosocial assessments at the beginning and end of a 10-week intervention and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Results: After the intervention and at both follow-ups, all participants reported declines in depressive symptoms, alcohol consumption, and negative drinking consequences and higher self-efficacy to avoid high-risk drinking. It was notable, however, that offenders with depressive symptoms reported more drinking-related consequences and lower self-efficacy at all time points, but greater motivation to change their drinking behavior. Conclusions: The findings suggest that offenders with depressive symptoms have more severe symptomatology than nondepressed offenders but may be more amenable to changing their drinking. Scientific Significance: The BDI may be a useful screening tool for determining which offenders are in need of an intervention following a DWI arrest.     

南京鼓楼医院住院患者麻醉药品处方分析

目的：调查分析南京鼓楼医院2016年住院患者麻醉药品使用情况,为临床合理使用麻醉药品提供参考,为进一步规范我院住院患者麻醉药品的使用与管理提供准确的科学依据。方法：利用我院计算机系统,统计2016年住院患者麻醉药品使用情况,以用药频度（DDDs）、限定日费用（DDC）和药物利用指数（DUI）为指标,评价我院住院患者麻醉药品使用情况。结果：2016年我院住院患者使用麻醉药品共7种11个规格,使用频率最高的药品为枸橼酸芬太尼注射液（0.5 mg/支）、芬太尼透皮贴剂（4.2 mg/贴）和盐酸吗啡注射液（10 mg/支）。结论：我院住院患者麻醉药品的使用基本合理,但在中、晚期癌痛患者的药物选择、给药剂量和给药间隔等方面仍存在一些问题。提示应进一步普及合理用药知识及强化管理制度。     

我院2009年抗菌药物应用分析

目的：分析我院抗菌药物应用情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：回顾性调查我院2009年抗菌药物的使用情况,分别对销售金额排名前10位的口服类和注射类抗菌药物的销售金额、用药频度、日均费用及头孢类抗菌药物情况进行分析。结果：我院抗菌药物销售金额占全部药品销售金额的19.98%,头孢菌素类抗菌药物销售金额占所有抗菌药物的40.18%。五水头孢唑啉钠用药频度最高,氧氟沙星片日均费用最低（2.5元/日）;盐酸莫西沙星片、头孢克肟分散片、五水头孢唑啉钠、头孢唑肟钠、氯唑西林钠药物利用指数均大于1,存在不合理用药现象。结论：我院抗菌药物的使用基本合理,实施抗菌药物分级管理,促进了我院抗菌药物的合理使用。     

我院门诊和住院患者调血脂药的药物利用评价

目的：评价本院门诊和住院患者调血脂药的利用情况。方法：对本院2008年1—7月门诊药房和2008年9—12月住院药房的调血脂药的销售金额、用药频度（DDDs）、日用药金额（DDC）和药物利用指数（DUI）等进行回顾性分析。结果：购药金额排序中阿托中伐他汀排名第一,占总购药金额的46．83％;DDDs排序中阿托伐他汀钙、辛伐他汀和氟伐他汀排名前三;阿托伐他汀钙和依折麦布的DUI接近于1;序号比分析：普伐他汀最大为1．75,瑞舒伐他汀、阿托伐他汀钙和辛伐他汀的序号比都为1。结论：本院调血脂类用药基本合理,个别药存在用药剂量的不合理,需要临床医师加强对合理用药的认知和执行,而且医院相关部门也应当提供良好的支持条件和约束管理。     

某院抗肿瘤药物临床应用调查分析

目的 了解某院抗肿瘤药物应用情况,探讨其临床用药特点及发展趋势。 方法 采用药物经济学方法对该院2012-2013年间抗肿瘤药物应用情况进行回顾性分析。 结果 居主导地位的是抗肿瘤植物药,用药金额最大的是康艾注射液,用药频度最大的是乌苯美司胶囊,日均用药金额最小的是乌苯美司胶囊,抗肿瘤药物中大多数药物利用指数接近1。 结论 该院抗肿瘤药物临床应用基本合理。该院应用的抗肿瘤药物主要以植物药为主,植物药在肿瘤治疗方面起到了很大的作用。     

Pain Interference in Individuals in Driver Intervention Programs for Driving Under the Influence Offenders

Pain-related problems among individuals in court-mandated Driver Intervention Programs (DIPs) for “driving under the influence” (DUI) offenders have not been well studied. This project examines 3,189 individuals from a DIP in Dayton, Ohio. Over 11% of participants reported significant pain-related interference in the past 4 weeks. Pain was significantly more likely in those with depression, more childhood conduct problems, and recent use of multiple illicit drugs. Many individuals seen in court-mandated DIP programs for DUI offenders also report difficulties with pain. DIP programming should address pain in relation to substance use and mental health issues.