公交车不规范停靠的调查分析

在城市交通中,公交站台发挥着重要的作用,但是在公交站台经常会出现公交车不规范停靠的现象,这对乘客和城市交通带来了诸多不便.以南京市三中路为例,对公交车的停靠形式进行了调查,分别从公交站台的通行能力、停靠能力以及一些人为因素方面对公交车的不规范停靠进行了分析.在通行能力方面.计算通行能力并与实测结果进行比较;在停靠能力方...     

远期城市交通模型的公交线网建立方法初探——以温州为例

公交线网是城市交通模型的重要组成部分,由于远期城市公交线网存在较大的不确定因素,本文针对远期城市交通模型提出了几种可能的公交线网建立方法,并对各种方法的优缺点和适用条件进行了评价,最后以温州城市交通模型为具体案例研究确定了公交线网的建立方法.     

城市交通政策对能耗和温室气体排放的影响

简要介绍了12个大城市限制小汽车使用的交通政策,评估其在减少能源消耗和温室气体排放方面取得的效果.这些城市都经历了能源消耗、温室气体排放和私人小汽车保有量增长的过程.在欧洲,多个地区通过提高公共交通的服务质量,增加了公交客运量,但新增乘客来自于非机动交通而非私人小汽车,这实际上增加了能源消耗总量.各城市旨在减少私人小汽...     

Design and implementation of efficient transit networks: Procedure, case study and validity test

This paper presents and tests a method to design high-performance transit networks. The method produces conceptual plans for geometric idealizations of a particular city that are later adapted to the real conditions. These conceptual plans are generalizations of the hybrid network concept proposed in Daganzo (2010). The best plan for a specific application is chosen via optimization. The objective function is composed of analytic formulae for a concept’s agency cost and user level of service. These formulae include as parameters key demand-side attributes of the city, assumed to be rectangular, and supply-side attributes of the transit technology. They also include as decision variables the system’s line and stop spacings, the degree to which it focuses passenger trips on the city center, and the service headway. These decision variables are sufficient to define an idealized geometric layout of the system and an operating plan. This layout-operating plan is then used as a design target when developing the real, detailed master plan. Ultimately, the latter is simulated to obtain more accurate cost and level of service estimates.This process has been applied to design a high performance bus (HPB) network for Barcelona (Spain). The idealized solution for Barcelona includes 182 km of one-way infrastructure, uses 250 vehicles and costs 42,489 €/h to build and run. These figures only amount to about one third of the agency resources and cost currently used to provide bus service. A detailed design that resembles this target and conforms to the peculiarities of the city is also presented and simulated. The agency cost and user level of service metrics of the simulated system differ from those of the idealized model by less than 10%. Although the designed and simulated HPB systems provide sub-optimal spatial coverage because Barcelona lacks suitable streets, the level of service is good. Simulations suggest that if the proposed system was implemented side-by-side with the current one, it would capture most of the demand.     

南京城市公共交通一卡通行应用方案研究

用模糊评价方法对南京地铁与公交一卡通行方案进行优选。分析了南京公交IC卡系统现状和地铁AFC系统选型,表明公交IC卡系统不适应技术发展趋势以及多应用的拓展,而地铁AFC系统则充分考虑了这些需求。讨论了地铁、公交一卡通行各种可能的模式及其影响因素,利用加权最小隶属度偏差模型对南京城市公共交通一卡通行应用方案进行评价,评价结果与模糊综合评判加权平均模型相一致,表明一步到位方案为最佳方案,但加权最小隶属度偏差法反映了不同方案偏离理想方案的程度。     

基于GIS的城市公交出行时间链研究

分析城市公交网络的各种空间实体数据和属性数据,建立了基于GIS的公交网络信息数据库。利用GIS空间分析与决策功能,分析研究乘客公交出行时间链,采用Logit反推模型,结合苏州市公交规划调查数据,回归计算出公交出行时间链各部分权重值。公交出行时间链的研究是公交网络配流及网络优化的理论基础,其权重值的分析计算具有重要的实用意义。     

An analysis of public bus transit performance in Indian cities

Maintaining and enhancing public transit service in Indian cities is important, to meet rapidly growing mass mobility needs, and curb personal motor vehicle activity and its impacts at low cost. Indian cities rely predominantly on buses for public transport, and are likely to continue to do so for years. However, the public bus transit service is inadequate, and unaffordable for the urban poor. The paper explores the factors that contribute to and affect efforts to improve this situation, based on an analysis of the financial and operational performance of the public bus transit service in the four metropolitan centres and four secondary cities during the 1990s. Overall, there were persistent losses, owing to increasing input costs and declining productivity. The losses occurred despite rapidly increasing fares, and ridership declined. The situation, and the ability to address it, is worse in the secondary cities than the metropolitan centres. We suggest a disaggregated approach based on the needs and motivations of different groups in relation to public transit, along with improved operating conditions and policies to internalize costs of personal motor vehicle use, to address the challenge of providing financially viable and affordable public bus transit service.     

Simultaneous optimization of transit line configuration and passenger line assignment

Passenger transportation in most large cities relies on an efficient mass transit system, whose line configuration has direct impacts on the system operating cost, passenger travel time and line transfers. Unfortunately, the interplay between transit line configuration and passenger line assignment has been largely ignored in the literature. This paper presents a model for simultaneous optimization of transit line configuration and passenger line assignment in a general network. The model is formulated as a linear binary integer program and can be solved by the standard branch and bound method. The model is illustrated with a couple of minimum spanning tree networks and a simplified version of the general Hong Kong mass transit railway network.     

Does the increase of public transit fares deteriorate air quality in Beijing?

Since 2006, Beijing lowered its public transit fares as a way to improve air quality. However, Beijing increased public transportation fare prices from December 28, 2014, and commuters pay for the distance they traveled rather than a flat fare. This paper explores the effect of Beijing public transit fares increase on air quality. We collect daily data of air pollution and weather variables and use synthetic control method of Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003) to select control units. We then estimate a difference-in-differences model and assess the effect of the policy on air quality index (AQI). We find a 16.28% increase in air pollution in short run. However, we find no longer-run effect on air quality.     

Electric vehicle park-charge-ride programs: A planning framework and case study in Chicago

In suburban areas, combining the use of electric vehicles (EV) and transit systems in an EV Park-Charge-Ride (PCR) approach can potentially help improve transit accessibility, facilitate EV charging and adoption, and reduce the need for long-distance driving and ensuing impacts. Despite the anticipated growth of EV adoption and charging demand, PCR programs are limited. With a focus on multi-modal trips, this study proposes a generic planning process that integrates EV infrastructure development with transit systems, develops a systematic assessment approach to fostering the PCR adoption, and illustrates a case implementation in Chicago. Specifically, this study develops a Suitability Index (SI) for EV charging locations at parking spots that are suitable for both EV charging and transit connections. SI can be customized for short-term and long-term planning scenarios. SI values are derived in Chicago as an example for (1) commuter rail stations (for work trips), and (2) shopping centers near transit stops as potential opportunities for additional weekday parking and EV charging (for multi-purpose trips/MPT). Furthermore, carbon emissions and vehicle miles travelled (VMT) across various travel modes and trip scenarios (i.e., work trips and MPT) are calculated. Compared to the baseline of driving a conventional vehicle, this study found that an EV PCR commuter can reduce up to 87% of personal VMT and 52% of carbon emissions. A more active role of the public sector in the PCR program development is recommended.