考虑LVRT能力的风电场联络线距离保护研究

具备低电压穿越(LVRT)能力的风电场能够在系统故障及电网电压跌落期间连续运行,因此,对具备LVRT能力的风电场联络线距离保护配置时,要综合考虑风电场LVRT时间。本文采用卸荷保护电路措施来提高永磁直驱风机(PMSG)的LVRT的能力,通过分析风电场LVRT与风机低电压保护动作时间配合关系,提出风电场联络线的距离保护时间配合的改进方案,最后仿真验证了提出方案的有效性和可行性。     

正弦波下砂岩ms级损伤预测模型

为获得毫秒(ms)级正弦波损伤变量预测模型,对岩样在不破坏情况下进行了不同波形不同频率的轴向力加卸载试验。提出了不同步时间段的定义,进而获得不同峰值荷载下不考虑不同步时间条件下的动态泊松比分别与即时荷载、即时横向长度、即时轴向高度之间的线性关系,从而得到线性关系中系数与峰值荷载间的拟合公式,即可联立不同已知条件,通过少量几个加载力峰值下的试验数据,对任意峰值荷载下动态泊松比与相关参数间的线性关系进行预测。以此为基础研究得到,在误差允许的范围内,采用动态泊松比与即时横向长度的线性关系,推导出体积应变、损伤变量的计算公式和方法,可以很好地对加卸载过程中岩样的体积应变、损伤的变化做出ms级的精确预测,也为在已知少量循环试验下获得岩石动态参数,即可对ms级的损伤进行精确预测的模型提供了方法。     

砂土原位应力场中的灌注桩成孔卸荷收缩理论解

为了探究钻孔灌注桩在竖向成孔时伴随的孔周土体径向应力的卸荷情况,基于SMP屈服准则及非相关联流动法则,探讨了初始原位应力场条件下砂土竖向钻孔孔周存在的2个塑性区的应力状态工况,并推导了该工况的应力场、位移场的解答,给出了工况判别标准。结果表明:静止侧压力系数K₀、土体内摩擦角φ的选取关系到孔周塑性区半径r_e,r_p的变化,对塑性区的产生和发展有很大影响;不同K₀和泥浆重度r_mud下的孔壁相对位移、孔壁应力均随着钻孔深度的增大而呈线性增大,孔壁相对位移随K₀增大而增大,随r_mud的增大而减小,但孔壁径向和环向应力并不随K₀的改变而改变;砂土竖向成孔的孔周塑性区范围几乎沿深度不发生变化,塑性半径r_p对钻孔孔壁环向应力有较大影响。提出的理论解对于砂土初始原位应力场中的灌注桩成孔卸荷问题具有一定的理论意义。     

分级加载条件下的锯齿状结构面剪切松弛特性

为研究结构面的剪切应力松弛特性,采用水泥砂浆浇筑成不同角度的结构面试样,利用岩石双轴流变试验机对规则齿形结构面进行不同剪切应力水平下的松弛试验,试验结果表明:结构面剪切应力松弛曲线可以分为瞬时、减速和稳态3个阶段;依据松弛曲线特征,考虑模型参数的时间相关性,将粘滞系数看作是与时间有关的非定常参数,建立非线性Maxwell松弛方程,与试验曲线拟合结果比较理想,得到了初始粘滞系数与剪应力水平的关系;根据松弛应力随剪应力水平的变化规律,及蠕变确定长期强度的机理,提出了应力松弛试验确定长期强度的方法,即松弛应力峰值对应的剪应力为结构面的长期强度.     

皮尔格轧机冷轧不锈钢管回弹预测模型的建立与验证

以皮尔格LG60轧机轧制304不锈钢管为例,研究皮尔格轧机冷轧不锈钢管回弹预测模型。首先通过单向拉伸试验及数据处理的方法得到材料的分段非线性本构方程;其次根据钢管轧制的塑性变形规律结合增量理论,得到变形过程中各应变分量的计算方法,并把钢管变形过程中的受力状态由三向应力状态转化为单向应力状态,利用材料的卸载定律建立冷轧钢管的回弹预测模型;最后通过大型有限元模拟软件DEFORM-3D进行完整轧制过程的3维有限元模拟仿真,并利用皮尔格轧机进行实际轧制试验验证来检验回弹预测模型的可靠性与正确性。结果表明,本模型精度较高,对皮尔格轧机孔型设计及实际生产中成品管尺寸精度控制有重要指导意义。     

基于去极化电流特征参数分析法的油纸绝缘老化评估

以扩展德拜极化电路模型为基础,研究不同老化程度下去极化电流特征参数(弛豫贡献系数、时间常数、极化电阻、极化电容)的变化规律。提出一种可用于评估油纸绝缘老化状态的参数--弛豫能量,该参数可以充分地反映油纸绝缘系统各弛豫机构电能积累和释放的过程。现场实测数据分析结果表明:随着设备绝缘老化程度的加剧,弛豫贡献系数增加、时间常数减小、极化电阻减小、极化电容增大及弛豫能量增加;小时间常数支路和大时间常数支路的弛豫能量分别反映绝缘油和绝缘纸的老化状态。     

N重亏损状态矩阵广义特征向量灵敏度分析

为了克服具有N重特征值的状态矩阵发生亏损现象后对灵敏度分析的制约,本文基于亏损矩阵的若当标准形理论,引入广义特征向量及其伴随向量系,提出了广义特征向量灵敏度的全模态算法。求解亏损矩阵广义特征向量的灵敏度时,发现除一个灵敏度系数为非精确解外,其余灵敏度系数均为精确解。针对非精确解,通过引入松驰因子获得了较好的近似解。数值算例证实该算法适用于N重亏损状态矩阵的灵敏度分析。     

Photoelastic confirmation of surface stress relaxation in silica glasses: Fiber bending and rod torsion

Silica glass samples were given various heat treatments under stress at low temperatures and subsequently their residual stress distributions in terms of retardance were observed using a polarized light microscope, confirming previously reported fast surface stress relaxation while providing more detailed characterization. Retardance profiles of silica glass fibers heat-treated under a constant bending strain in the presence of atmospheric water vapor were measured and fit to a previously developed diffusion-based relaxation model. The retardance of a cross-section of a silica glass rod heat-treated at 650°C in lab air under applied torsional shear strain was also measured to confirm the presence of residual surface shear stress which was predicted by the decrease of torque with time for the rod. Together, these results confirm the low-temperature fast surface stress relaxation which occurs when water vapor is present for both bending and shear stresses.     

Mechanical characterization and modeling stress relaxation behavior of acrylic–polyurethane-based graft-interpenetrating polymer networks

The stress relaxation behavior of acrylic–polyurethane (PU)-based graft-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) was characterized via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and modeled using finite element method (FEM) analysis. Stress relaxation of glassy IPN specimens was experimentally studied under flexural testing, while rubbery IPN specimens were tested in tension. The effects of varying the styrene content in the acrylic copolymer phase, compatibility of the two phases in IPNs, and changing the concentration of acrylic copolymer and PU were studied. A higher percentage of styrene content resulted in higher homogeneity of IPN specimens, and decrease in initial modulus for acrylic copolymer specimens. Additionally, glassy IPN specimens with 90% styrene shows resistance to relaxation as high as acrylic copolymer samples. Experimental results were used to develop a numerical model to study stress relaxation response of specimens. While polymer systems have been studied computationally, numerical modeling of IPN systems is still in its infancy. A three-dimensional FEM model was developed using the Generalized Maxwell model and four-term Prony series constants, which were extracted from the stress relaxation experiments. With four terms in the Prony series, a good match was observed between experimental observations and results from the FEM model.     

Effect of characteristic scale on the extrudate swelling behavior of polypropylene melt in a micro-extrusion process

The swelling behavior in micro-extrusion has a significant effect on the dimensional and shape accuracy of microproducts. In this study, the effect of characteristic scale, defined as the gap of die land in an annular micro-extrusion die, on the extrudate swelling behavior of viscoelastic melt is analyzed through numerical simulations and micro-extrusion experiments. The results show that the swelling behavior displays an obvious dependence on the characteristic scale. An increase in the characteristic scale reduces the swell ratio and retards the process to reach the equilibrium state. In contrast, a decrease in the characteristic scale results in a larger magnitude of change in velocity field and faster relaxation development of stress field. The location of the maximum velocity layer for the laminar flow gradually deviates from the geometric center of channel toward the wall of mandrel with the increase in the characteristic scale. Moreover, an increase in the flow rate results in a larger swell ratio for a constant characteristic scale. The elastic effect plays a more dominant role than the viscous effect in determining the viscoelastic swell behavior. It is imperative to consider the complicated swelling behavior and remarkable viscoelastic effect simultaneously in micro-extrusion process.