Value‐added bioconversion of biomass by solid‐state fermentation

The value‐added bioconversion of biomass is necessary due to the depletion of fossil fuels and deterioration of the global environment situation. Based on the analysis of characteristics of solid materials and the applicability of solid agro‐industrial residues used as feedstock for solid‐state fermentation (SSF), the authors established a value‐added bioconversion system for biomass using the key technology SSF. This article gives an overview of biomass bioconversion by SSF and the corresponding advances achieved in recent years. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

灌注压的维持:缩血管药物如何选择?

休克是临床常见的重症状态,可迅速进展为多器官功能衰竭,病死率高。应用缩血管药物是休克治疗中维持灌注压的重要措施,儿茶酚胺类药物是目前最常用的选择,去甲肾上腺素是多数休克状态下的首要选择,血管加压素及其类似物、血管紧张素Ⅱ均能有效维持灌注压、减少去甲肾上腺素用量,也是临床上维持灌注压可选择的药物。根据不同休克类型、病因及不同药物作用机制选择缩血管药物,对优化血流动力学治疗及减少不良反应尤为重要。     

NMR-Guided Repositioning of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs into Tight Junction Modulators

Bioavailability is a major bottleneck in the clinical application of medium molecular weight therapeutics, including protein and peptide drugs. Paracellular transport of these molecules is hampered by intercellular tight junction (TJ) complexes. Therefore, safe chemical regulators for TJ loosening are desired. Here, we showed a potential application of select non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as TJ modulators. Based on our previous observation that diclofenac and flufenamic acid directly bound various PDZ domains with a broad specificity, we applied solution nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to examine the interaction of other NSAIDs and the first PDZ domain (PDZ1) of zonula occludens (ZO)-1, ZO-1(PDZ1). Inhibition of ZO-1(PDZ1) is expected to provide loosening of the epithelial barrier function because the domain plays a crucial role in maintaining TJ integrity. Accordingly, diclofenac and indomethacin were found to decrease the subcellular localization of claudin (CLD)-2 but not occludin and ZO-1 at the apicolateral intercellular compartment of Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells. These NSAIDs exhibited 125–155% improved paracellular efflux of fluorescein isothiocyanate insulin for the Caco-2 cell monolayer. We propose that these NSAIDs can be repurposed as drug absorption enhancers for peptide drugs.     

抗结核药固定剂量复合剂分析方法研究进展

综述了抗结核固定剂量复合剂分析方法的研究进展。根据已报道的抗结核固定剂量复合剂的分析方法的相关文献,分析检测方法的优缺点。通过分析检测方法,提出建议,为抗结核固定剂量复合剂的分析方法的开发提供参考依据。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测多基质保健食品中27种非法添加降糖类化合物

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱检测保健食品中27种降糖类非法添加化合物的方法。方法 4种不同基质保健品样品经甲醇超声提取后，采用Waters XBridge Amide色谱柱 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm)，以5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液和5 mmol/L甲酸铵乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱，分离苯乙双胍、二甲双胍、伏格列波糖、阿卡波糖、丁二胍共5种化合物；采用Waters CORTECS T3色谱柱 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.7 μm)，以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱，分离维达列汀、罗格列酮、西他列汀、吡格列酮等22种化合物；环格列酮采用电喷雾离子化负离子模式，其余26种化合物采用电喷雾离子化正离子模式，以多反应监测方式进行检测。结果 伏格列波糖、阿卡波糖、达格列净、卡格列净、曲格列酮、环格列酮6种化合物在250 ng/mL~12.5 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好，其余21种化合物在5~250 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好，线性相关系数r均大于0.99；27种化合物检出限(limit of detection, LOD)范围为1~1000 μg/kg；在低、中、高三水平加标，其回收率均在70%~120%范围内，相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为0.7%~10% (n=6)。结论 本方法快速、灵敏、高效、准确，适用范围广，可用于保健食品中降糖类化合物的高通量检测。     

Effect of recycled content and rPET quality on the properties of PET bottles,part II: Migration

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles were produced from three types of recycled PET (rPET) with four levels of recycled content. The migration of substances from these bottles to water was studied. Several migrated substances were detected. The migrated amounts of acetaldehyde and ethylene glycol complied with the limits given in the food contact material (FCM) legislation. Migration of 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane was below the limit of 10 μg·L⁻¹, which is conventionally applied for non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) not classified as ‘carcinogenic’, ‘mutagenic’ or ‘toxic to reproduction’ (CMR). Limonene, acetone, butanone and furan were also detected as migrants, of which limonene is a natural fragrant, and the other three are probably residues from solvents used to clean and protect the mould at the small-scale production facility. Finally, benzene and styrene were also found as migrants from rPET. These migrants appear to originate from heat-induced reactions within the PET matrix, which involve contaminants. The formation of benzene in rPET is attributed to polyvinylchloride as contaminant. The migrated amounts of benzene from the PET bottles with recycled content to the water simulant are relatively small (0.03–0.44 μg·L⁻¹) after 10 days at 40°C. Consequently, the margin of exposure is 3.10⁵–8.10⁶. Hence, the level of concern for the public health is low, and the migrated amount represents a low priority for risk management. The FCM legislation demands a risk assessment for migrating NIAS. Depending on the underlying data and exposure scenario, different threshold limits in the food can be derived which can still be considered as safe.     

胆汁酸代谢调节炎症性肠病的作用机制及药物研发

炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种慢性复发性肠道炎症性疾病，发病率及非致死性疾病负担在全世界都有累加的趋势，其病因复杂，发病机制目前还未完全明确。胆汁酸（BAs）是胆汁的主要成份，其可通过与胆汁酸受体结合、调节肠道菌群等参与IBD的发生发展。本文着重讨论BAs代谢在IBD发病中的作用机制，以及基于BAs及其相关靶点的药物研发进展，为今后IBD的预防、治疗和预后研究奠定基础。     

烃分压对乙烯裂解炉产物收率的影响

降低原料裂解时的烃分压有利于提高烯烃收率,而COP与稀释比是影响烃分压的重要参数。利用SPYRO软件模拟了COP和稀释比的变化对于裂解产物收率的影响。结果表明,采取较低的COP和较高的稀释比有利于提高乙烯裂解炉高附加值产物收率。     

模具企业数字化管理

在借鉴IM3、TOP-ERP、EMAN、用友等公司成功经验的基础上,针对中国模具企业在实施ERP管理中存在的问题,提出要提高ERP管理的个性化和软件的深度,进一步把模具企业管理的成功经验融入ERP,使模具企业在数字化管理中真正受益。