亚硝酸盐法测定超氧化物歧化酶活性

用亚硝酸盐、氰化钾抑制区别法测定样品中的 Cu,Zn-SOD 和 Mn-SOD,灵敏度高,重现性好,操作简便。实验表明,抑制率达50%时所需 SOD 的浓度为0.07 μg/ml,其批内和批间的变异系数分别为6.0%和5.5%,鸡肝 Cu,Zn-SOD 与 KCN 的抑制复合物的表观解离常数 K′为288.6±45.5 μmol。     

Polymorphisms in manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase genes: functional study in Hong Kong Chinese asthma patients

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species may contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma. Functional genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase are good candidates for asthma susceptibility. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of the manganese-containing form of SOD (MnSOD) gene at amino acid position 16 (Val16Ala) and catalase gene in the promoter at A-21T and C-262T polymorphisms and asthma in a Hong Kong Chinese population. METHODS: The association study was conducted in a case-control design in asthma patients (n=251) and healthy controls (n=316) by genotyping. The functional significance was assessed by determining erythrocyte SOD and catalase activity. RESULTS: The Val allele of MnSOD at Val16Ala and the A allele of catalase gene at A-21T were not different between patients and controls, while the C allele of catalase gene at C-262T was found to be significantly different between patients and controls (P=0.033). The less frequent variant of catalase gene (-262T) was found to be protective from the development of asthma in a Hong Kong Chinese non-smoking population (adjusted odds ratio=0.35, 0.15-0.85; P=0.017). Asthma patients had elevated erythrocyte SOD and catalase activities in comparison with healthy controls (P<0.01). However, their activities were not associated with different genotypes within healthy controls or asthma patients. CONCLUSION: This is the first report showing that SOD and catalase functional activities are not associated with their respective genetic polymorphisms but related to the presence of asthma in a Hong Kong Chinese population.     

实验性颅脑伤大鼠脑组织SOD和MDA的变化

目的：观察实验性颅脑伤大鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的动态变化，探讨SOD和MDA在颅脑伤病理损伤机制中的作用。方法：采用自由落体致伤方法制备大鼠颅脑伤模型(模型组)，并以正常大鼠作对照(对照组)，分别于造模后3、5和7d处死动物取脑，测定海马和皮质中SOD活力和MDA含量。结果：模型组大鼠海马SOD活力在3个时间点均显著低于对照组，而MDA含量均显著高于对照组；模型组大鼠皮质SOD活力在造模后3、5d时显著低于对照组，而MDA含量则显著高于对照组，到7d时二者与对照组均无明显差异。结论：大鼠颅脑伤时脑组织SOD活力显著降低，而MDA含量则显著增高，提示SOD和MDA可能参与颅脑伤病理损伤机制并在其中发挥重要作用。     

人参二醇组皂甙对精索静脉曲张大鼠的保护作用及其机制

把56只成年Wistar大鼠分为如下3组:①精索静脉曲张组(VG)30只;②精索静脉曲张人参二醇组皂甙组(VPG)8只;③假手术组(SOG)18只。实验结果表明,人参二醇组皂甙可显著提高精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸ACE活力并降低睾丸LPO含量,但3组动物睾丸的SOD水平无明显差异。作者认为人参二醇组皂甙可能是通过减少LPO产生以提高ACE活力,从而实现对精索静脉曲张大鼠的保护作用。     

猕猴桃中药复方制剂对血清SOD及MDA含量的影响

猕猴桃中药复方制剂系采用猕猴桃汁为基质，配加绞股蓝、丹参等中药的有效成分制成。为了研究它的保健作用，在６３例５０岁以上、无急性疾病的中、老年人，３６例３０～４９岁健康的青年，３２例１４～１７岁健康的少年中进行试验，１０ｍｌ每日２次连续服用３０天后，中老年人血液ＳＯＤ显著增高，７０岁以上老人平均增高２．８倍，血清ＭＤＡ明显下降，７０岁以上平均下降８７．５％。     

Pathogenesis of progressive muscular dystrophy: studies on free radical metabolism in an animal model

Evidence to suggest the presence of abnormal metabolism of oxygen free radicals in progressive muscular dystrophy is presented using an animal model. In the superficial pectoral muscles of dystrophic chickens, enzyme activities regulating the metabolism of oxygen free radicals, i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutases and glutathione peroxidase, were significantly elevated within 1 week of hatching. Activities of related enzymes, i.e., glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were also elevated. In contrast, the specific activity of phosphofructokinase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, was normal during the first 4-week period. These results suggest that there is an increased turnover of oxygen free radicals in the dystrophic muscle. This concept appears important in a further investigation of the pathogenesis and treatment of progressive muscular dystrophies.     

松花粉抗衰老作用的实验研究

目的　观察松花粉的抗衰老作用。方法　用含松花粉的饲料喂养衰老小鼠 ,测定小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Per)的活性 ,测定脑组织中丙二醛 (MDA)含量及脑组织和肝脏中的脂褐质 (Lf)含量 ,同时测定胸腺和脾脏的重量及网状内皮系统的吞噬功能。结果　松花粉能明显增加衰老小鼠血清中SOD、CAT、GSH Per活性 ,降低脑组织中MDA含量及脑组织和肝脏中的Lf含量 ,并增加胸腺和脾脏质量 ,提高网状内皮系统吞噬功能。结论　松花粉具有抗衰老作用     

腹主动脉灌注丙泊酚减轻脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤与抗氧化和减轻钙超载的关系

目的 本研究拟探讨腹主动脉灌注丙泊酚减轻脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤是否与其抗氧化和减轻钙超载相关.方法 新西兰大耳白兔60只,随机均分为生理盐水(NS)组、10%脂肪乳(P0)组、丙泊酚30mg/kg(P30)组、40mg/kg(P40)组、50mg/kg(P50)组和60mg/kg(P60)组.全麻后开腹阻断肾动脉远端腹主动脉及双侧髂总动脉30min,并从阻断即刻开始,经股动脉预置导管向腹主动脉分别灌注生理盐水、10%脂肪乳及不同剂量的丙泊酚溶液至开放停止.再灌注48h,取L5脊髓节段,检测脊髓组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和脊髓前角神经细胞内Ca2 荧光强度.结果 与NS和P0组比较,P30、P40、P50和P60组的SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量和Ca2 荧光强度显著降低(P<0.05).SOD活性:P50组最高(P<0.05),P40、P60组高于P30组(P<0.05).MDA含量:P50组最低(P<0.05),P60组低于P30、P40组(P<0.05).Ca2 荧光强度:P60组低于P50组,P50组低于P30、P40组(P<0.05).结论 丙泊酚可剂量依赖性地保护脊髓组织SOD活性、降低MDA含量和脊髓前角神经细胞内Ca2 荧光强度,提示该保护作用与其抗氧化和减轻神经细胞钙超载有关.     

山莨菪碱对通气机所致大鼠肺损伤防护作用的实验研究

目的 研究山莨菪碱(ADM)对大鼠通气机所致肺损伤(VILI)的防护作用.方法 将36只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,实施麻醉和气管切开后,吸入空气进行机械通气,通气时间均为4h.A组为对照组,进行常规通气,潮气量8ml/kg,呼吸频率40/min;B组为致伤组,进行大潮气量通气,潮气量40ml/kg,呼吸频率20/min;C组为ADM防护组,分别在通气开始前24、12h及通气开始后0h经尾静脉注射ADM(15mg/kg),潮气量和呼吸频率同B组.每小时行1次动脉血气分析.行支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的中性粒细胞计数,测定左肺湿/干(W/D)值,血清和BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β水平,血清和肺组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,观察肺脏的组织病理学改变.结果 B组大鼠氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)较A、C组显著下降,BALF中性粒细胞计数显著增加,左肺W/D值较A、C组显著升高.B组大鼠血清和BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β水平较A组显著增高,而C组较B组显著降低.C组大鼠血清和肺组织中MDA水平较B组显著下降,而SOD水平较B组显著升高.组织病理学显示B组大鼠肺脏内较A、C组有更多的中性粒细胞浸润和肺泡壁结构的破坏.结论 ADM通过其抗炎和抗氧化作用对大鼠VILI起防护作用.     

虾青素对成骨细胞羟自由基氧化损伤的影响

目的：在H2O2胁迫下，研究虾青素增强成骨细胞抗自由基损伤的作用。方法：用H2O2作用MC3T3-E1成骨细胞，建立自由基损伤细胞模型。培养的成骨细胞分为对照组、模型组、虾青素低剂量组（1×10^-7mol／L）、虾青素中剂量组（1×10^-6mol／L）和虾青素高剂量组（1×10^-5mol／L）。测定不同处理组细胞活力、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性、活性自由氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）含量、脂质过氧化物（lipid oxygen，IJP0）含量，同时利用荧光偏振法测定细胞膜流动性。结果：模型组细胞活力、SOD活性、细胞膜流动性均比各剂量虾青素组显著降低（P〈0．01），而ROS、LPO含量均比各剂量虾青素组显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论：H2O2摄入会导致大鼠成骨细胞的氧化损伤，而虾青素可以预防或降低此类损伤对细胞的影响。