新疆地方性砷中毒地区人群头发的伸长和相对强力的研究

作者对新疆奎屯地方性砷中毒病区居民的头发进行了研究,结果表明:病区中砷中毒患者与非患者之间头发的伸长和相对强力无显著性差异,而与对照区居民相比,病区居民头发的伸长和相对强力均明显降低。病区居民改用符合卫生标准的水两年后,头发的伸长和相对强力明显增加。调查结果还提示,应注意地方性砷中毒病区砷对非患者的潜在危害。作者认为,用头发的伸长和相对强力来评价地方性砷中毒区的改水效果是较为敏感和客观的适宜指标。     

缺碘牲地甲肿防治效果的指数曲线y=ae~(bx)的模拟

采用指数曲线方程y=aeb(?)对临沂地区1979年～1989年10年的碘盐防治地甲肿效果资料进行了数学模拟,并建立了地甲肿防治效果数学模型。该模型探讨了地甲肿人群患病率、肿大率与碘盐防治年限的定量关系。利用该模型可对地甲肿防治效果进行预测预报和评价工作,可描绘出地甲肿患病率、肿大率在不同防治年限的理论分布轨迹。     

高氟病区儿童头发中微量元素的研究

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了106名7～14岁农村儿童头发中氟、锌、铜、铁、镁的含量,其中高氟区50名(男24,女26);对照区56名(男25,女31)。分析结果显示:高氟区儿童发氟明显高于对照区(P<0.05)发铜、镁则低于对照区(P<0.01)。在同一地区,发氟随年龄增长而升高;发中铜、镁、铁、氟的含量有性别间差异,均为女性高于男性(P<0.05);锌与铁呈负相关,镁分别与锌、铜、铁呈正相关(P<0.05)。     

某些地方性疾病地区环境中硒的研究──硒的水平及形态

于全国８省市自治区内克山病、大骨节病氟中毒和硒中毒等地方病区，癌症和肝炎地区性的高发区及正常地区内的３０个调查点，采集空气、水、土壤等环境样品，分析硒水平及硒存在形态。调查结果为空气硒：室内以陕西永寿大骨节病区最低３．３ｎｇ／ｍ３，湖北建始县硒中毒区最高６１４．２μｇ／ｍ３；室外空气硒浓度以云南宣威肺癌多发区最低为０．３ｎｇ／ｍ３，仍是建始县的最高３７１．１ｎｇ／ｍ３；室内外空气颗粒物中硒９０％存于＞１０μｍ的细颗粒物中。室外空气中气态硒的百分比（均值为２３．３％）高于室内（均值为９．７％）；颗粒物中不同价态硒分布云南的以Ｓｅ（Ⅵ）为主占６３．５％，陕西以Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）为主占５６．７％，湖北的以Ｓｅ（＜Ⅳ）为主占７９．５％，土壤硒为５８（克山病区）～９０３７ｎｇ／ｇ（硒中毒区），水溶性硒占总硒的百分比以硒中毒、氟中毒、克山病及大骨节病等地区较低，多在５％以下，其它地区的较高，多在１０％以上；其不同价态硒的百分比分布与空气颗粒物的基本一致。水中硒含量大部分在０．３ｎｇ／Ｌ以下，只有高硒和硒中毒地区为１～６８３ｎｇ／Ｌ。不同价态硒的百分比的分布以Ｓｅ（Ⅵ）为主均值７１．４％，Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）均值１８．５％，Ｓｅ（＜Ⅳ）均?     

Diverse genotypes of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) identified in infant blood infections in African childhood-KS and HIV/AIDS endemic region

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8) has been associated with several neoplasias, including childhood endemic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). It is possible that strain genotypes could contribute to the differences in regional presentation (mainly sub-Saharan Africa), childhood infection, lack of male sex bias, distinct disseminated forms and rapid fatality observed for childhood endemic KS. Early studies, at the advent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, identified only the K1-A5 genotype in childhood KS biopsies as well as blood of a few HIV positive and negative febrile infants in Zambia, a highly endemic region. This current enlarged study analyses blood infections of 200 hospitalized infants (6-34 months age) with symptoms of fever as well as upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhoea, rash or rhinitis. KSHV and HIV viraemia and were prevalent in this group, 22% and 39%, respectively. Multiple markers at both variable ends of the genome (K1, K12, and K14.1/K15) were examined, showing diverse previously adult-linked genotypes (K1 A2, A5, B, C3, D, with K12 B1 and B2 plus K14.1/K15 P or M) detected in both HIV positive and negative infants, demonstrating little restriction on KSHV genotypes for infant/childhood transmission in a childhood endemic KS endemic region. This supports the interpretation that the acquisition of childhood KSHV infections and subsequent development of KS are due to additional co-factors.     

Age‐specific seroprevalence of dengue infection in Hong Kong

A newly developed dengue virus vaccine (chimeric yellow fever virus‐tetravalent dengue vaccine [CYD‐TDV]) has recently been licensed for clinical use. The World Health Organization recommends vaccination for populations with seroprevalence of at least 70% to maximize public health impact. This study aimed to delineate the seroprevalence of dengue infection in Hong Kong. A total of 105 972 serum samples submitted for clinical testing during the period 2013‐2015 were age‐stratified and sex‐stratified. For each year of collection, 25 samples were randomly selected from each age‐sex group. Altogether, 2100 samples were tested for the dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody using a non‐type–specific ELISA kit. The overall dengue IgG‐positive rate was 4.6% and showed no significant change over the 3 years. The positive rate was not associated with sex, but a steep rise in seroprevalence for persons above 65 years (32.7%) was observed. The low dengue seroprevalence in Hong Kong does not support implementation of a national immunization program. Majority of the population in Hong Kong are susceptible to dengue infection, and a substantial proportion of persons older than 65 years could acquire secondary infection and are prone to develop severe dengue.     

2001-2005年南昌市急性血吸虫病疫情分析

分析了2001～2005年南昌市急性血吸虫感染（简称急感）疫情资料，共发生急感156例，其中男性119例（76．3％），女性37例（23．7％），16～55岁的青壮年发病率最高（70．5％），农民和学生为急感发病的主要人群，感染方式以戏水、游泳和捕鱼捞虾为主，5～12月均有发病，其中7～9月为高峰季节，出现突发疫情1起。     

全民食盐加碘后贵州省儿童甲状腺肿大率消长反常原因的调查分析

目的　查明全民食盐加碘后贵州省儿童甲状腺肿大 (甲肿 )率消长反常现象的原因。方法　采用点面结合的“典型调查”方法 ,即先用触诊法初筛贵州省 19所小学校的适龄儿童 ,然后从中遴选出 度甲肿率较高的并有层次代表性的 3所学校纳入全面调研的视野。结果　儿童甲肿率消长反常现象在贵州省较为普遍 ,甲肿病情严重程度的排序是村屯级 >乡镇级 >县城级 >省城级。结论　高甲肿率与当地多种因素密切相关 ,水硬度大、辣椒氟严重超标以及贫困等因素在致病过程中发挥着修饰性放大作用。这一结论有待进一步通过病例对照研究和前瞻性队列研究证实。     

藏医学药用植物中我国种子植物特有种整理

为了探讨藏医药用植物资源的构成与特点,促进藏药资源的合理保护与利用,分别统计分析藏医药用植物及临床常用藏药材中中国特有种子植物的种类、分布等信息。各藏医药文献中记载的约2 000余种藏医药用植物中,有我国种子植物特有种523种(约占25%),隶属于65科,162属;藏医临床常用的625种药用种子植物中,有我国特有种180余种(约占28%),隶属42科,72属;这些特有种中除少属与中药和其他民族药交叉使用的种类外,多数为主要或仅分布于青藏高原的特色藏药材,其中,约10%被列入《中国物种红色目录》。青藏高原是我国特有分布类型最为丰富的地区,是形成藏药资源特色的生物生态学原因;加强这些藏医药用特有种的研究对于藏药资源的合理保护利用具有重要意义。