回顾性分析颅内肿瘤患者术后感染危险因素

目的:了解神经外科颅内肿瘤切除患者术后相关感染（HAI）的发生情况及其危险因素，为制定干预措施提供理论依据。方法:收集 2017 年1月至2018年12月1 049例颅脑手术患者的临床资料，根据术后是否发生颅内感染将患者分为感染组 91例和非感染组958例。对两组患者进行临床资料的单因素和多因素logistic回归分析。结果:颅内肿瘤患者术后医院感染率为8.67%。两组在年龄、性别、职业、文化程度、民族、药物过敏、切口等级等方面比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），麻醉方式、手术等级、转科情况、住院天数和住院费用两方面比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；经过logistic多因素回归分析显示麻醉方式、住院天数是颅内肿瘤手术患者术后医院感染的独立危险因素，其OR及95％CI分别为5.173（2.738～9.774）、1.132（1.079～1.189）。结论:颅脑手术患者中HAI发生率较高，应根据危险因素采取有效预防和控制措施，以降低HAI的发生率。     

Dissemination of Misinformative and Biased Information about Prostate Cancer on YouTube

YouTube is a social media platform with more than 1 billion users and >600 000 videos about prostate cancer. Two small studies examined the quality of prostate cancer videos on YouTube, but did not use validated instruments, examine user interactions, or characterize the spread of misinformation. We performed the largest, most comprehensive examination of prostate cancer information on YouTube to date, including the first 150 videos on screening and treatment. We used the validated DISCERN quality criteria for consumer health information and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, and compared results for user engagement. The videos in our sample had up to 1.3 million views (average 45 223) and the overall quality of information was moderate. More videos described benefits (75%) than harms (53%), and only 50% promoted shared decision-making as recommended in current guidelines. Only 54% of the videos defined medical terms and few provided summaries or references. There was a significant negative correlation between scientific quality and viewer engagement (views/month p = 0.004; thumbs up/views p = 0.015). The comments section underneath some videos contained advertising and peer-to-peer medical advice. A total of 115 videos (77%) contained potentially misinformative and/or biased content within the video or comments section, with a total reach of >6 million viewers.

Mycotoxicosis – diagnosis,prevention and control: past practices and future perspectives

Abstract

Mycotoxins pose severe health hazards in animals, humans, and poultry birds. More than 400 chemically different mycotoxins have been identified to date. Twenty-five percent of world’s crops are potentially contaminated with mycotoxins. Luckily, nature has provided the ruminants a unique property of inactivating and detoxifying most of the mycotoxins with the help of microflora and microfauna present within their ruminal fluid; however, unfortunately avian species lack such ability putting them at high risk to the deleterious effects of mycotoxins. This review elaborates different strategies for diagnosis, prevention and control of mycotoxins.     

腹腔镜术后戳孔疝18例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜术后戳孔疝的发生原因及防治策略。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年1月,新疆医科大学第二附属医院腹腔镜术后戳孔疝18例患者的临床资料,总结其发病原因、治疗方法、术后恢复情况及并发症发生率。结果本组资料戳孔疝发生率为0.95%,其中术者因素者占38.9%。18例患者均行开放式前入路腹膜前补片修补术,平均手术时间75 min。术后下床活动平均时间1.5 d,肛门排气时间平均1.5 d;切口甲级愈合率100%;平均住院时间7.5 d。术后脐部异物感1例(5.5%),慢性疼痛2例(11.1%)。随访6~12个月,无复发。结论规避术者因素可降低戳孔疝的发生率。开放式前入路腹膜前补片无张力修补术是腹腔镜术后戳孔疝的有效治疗方法,术后恢复快,并发症低是该治疗方法的优势,值得临床推广。     

Molecular Evidence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Prostate Tumors

Objectives

To determine whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is detectable in both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Epidemiological studies have shown significant associations between infective chronic prostatitis and prostatic carcinoma. Many bacteria have been found in the prostate of patients with chronic prostatitis, BPH, and PCa.

Methods

One hundred consecutive patients with prostate diseases were enrolled in the study. Detection of H. pylori DNA in prostate tissue from patients with BPH and PCa was performed using both immunohistochemistry and PCR, and the results were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Odds ratios and the Fisher Exact test were used for the analysis of the associations between the variables.

Results

Among the patients, 78% had BPH and 19% had PCa. While immunohistochemistry showed no positive sample for H. pylori, PCR combined with sequencing detected H. pylori DNA in prostate tissue samples from 5 patients. However, statistical analysis of the data showed that BPH and PCa are not significantly associated with the presence of H. pylori DNA in prostate tissue (odds ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval = 0.09–23.34, one-tailed Chi-square value = 0.660, p > 0.05). The limitation of this study was the small number of PCa patients.

Conclusions

This study provides, for the first time, molecular evidence of the presence of H. pylori DNA in prostatic tissue of patients with BPH and PCa. It paves the way for further comprehensive studies to examine the association of H. pylori infection with BPH and PCa.Key Words: Helicobacter pylori infection, Prostate cancer, Benign prostate hyperplasia, PCR