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31.
聚合物降解产物伤害与糖甙键特异酶破胶技术 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:21
综述了钻井,完井,尤其是水力压裂作业中产生的多糖类聚合物伤害和应用糖甙键特异酶破胶,解除多糖类聚合物伤害的技术。第一节报道了聚合物降解产物造成的伤害,指出冻胶破胶液粘度低并不代表压裂液已从充填裂缝中充分返排,氧化破胶剂和普通酶破胶剂不能使多糖类聚合物充分降解,产生的大分子量,水不溶的降解产物可对地层造成伤害,消除伤害的办法是采用对糖甙键有特异性的各种水解酶作压裂液破胶剂或伤害地层处理剂。第二节报道了各种聚合物(纤维素,瓜尔胶,淀粉)糖甙键特异酶降解聚合物的机理。第三节报道了糖甙键特异酶(主要针对瓜尔胶)的应用性能测试及结果,包括岩心流动实验,含糖量和分子量测定,传导性测试。第四节介绍了糖甙键特异酶消除聚合物伤害和用作压裂液破胶剂的现场应用,包括选井原则,实施工艺要点及3个典型井例。 相似文献
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33.
泽74-1X井是为评价泽74断块奥陶系潜山油气情况,在泽74-1井开窗侧钻的一口评价井,该井井斜变化大,井眼轨迹呈螺旋型,地层特性复杂。该井通过采用ZJ-2低失水、零析水水泥浆体系配合双凝双压固井工艺,固井施工顺利,全井主要封固段固井质量良好。现场应用表明,ZJ-2降失水水泥浆体系具有流动性好、水泥浆初始稠度低、析水为零等特点,稠化时间易于控制,十分适合大斜度井和井眼轨迹不佳的井的固井要求,能够很好地保护油气层;双凝双密度水泥浆体系应用于压力变化大的超长裸眼封固段固井,施工安全,固井质量好,只要水泥浆密度设计合理,工程上采取小排量替浆,可防止固井漏失,提高作业成功率。 相似文献
34.
报导了新型鞣剂 7-羟基全氢化唑并嗪 (以下简称 OX- Z)的合成方法。试验确定合成的最佳条件为 :在氮气保护下 ,将等摩尔量的二乙醇胺在 10℃水浴中缓慢滴入乙二醛中 ,滴加时间 0 .5 h,在 2 0℃水浴中继续反应 1.5 h,产率为 6 2 .9%。 OX- Z对浸酸绵羊皮单独鞣制 ,可使收缩温度升高到 87℃。最佳鞣制条件为 :p H10 .0 ,OX- Z用量 5 % ,鞣制时间 8h。在对 OX- Z与皮胶原的结合类型的研究中证明它们之间是以化学键结合的。 相似文献
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36.
N_2S_2或N_3S型配体的合成、~(99)Tc~m标记及生物分布研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
以MAG3为基本分子骨架,根据构效关系,分别引入合适的天然氨基酸,设计合成了4种N2S2或N3S型小分子多肽新配体,并通过了IR,^1H NMR,^13C NMR,MS谱学鉴定和元素分析表征。采用葡庚糖酸钙(GH)交换法对4个配体进行了^99Tc^m标记,研究了配合物在小鼠体内的生物分布特征。结果表明,^99Tc^m-MVGG肾摄取较高,滞留时间较长,血清除快,且肾与其它组织的活度比值高,具备成为肾功能显像剂的条件;^99Tc^m-MPGG肾初始摄取较高,R(肾/血)活度比值高,但肾清除较快,R(肾/肝)活度比值较低;^99Tc^m-MVTC和^99Tc^m-MPTC心肌初始摄取均较高,但在心肌和血中的清除速度较快。 相似文献
37.
In this paper, any two of the three anticorrosion agents, that is emulsifier (OP-10), soluble glass (Na2O·nSiO2) and glycerin (C3H8O3), were treated simultaneously on the surface of amorphous (a-) MgNi+5% Ml2Mg17 (Ml denotes the lanthanum-rich mish metal) electrode and the electrolyte. Effect of the synergistic anticorrosion treatment on charging/discharging cycle stability of the electrode was investigated. Contrasted with single treatment method, the cycling stability of the electrodes was further improved. The desirable synergistic anticorrosion method was that the electrode was treated by the soluble glass, and that OP-10 was added into the electrolyte. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) results of the electrode show clearly that the anticorrosion agent can change the electrochemical activity and mechanism of the electrode. The concentration of the anticorrosion agent in the electrolyte treated by the synergistic anticorrosion method was also investigated. The appropriate concentration of the anticorrosion agents in the electrolyte is 0.143%. 相似文献
38.
Poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐para‐phenylene vinylene] (MEH‐PPV)/silica nanoparticle hybrid films were prepared and characterised. Three kinds of materials were compared: parent MEH‐PPV, MEH‐PPV/silica (hybrid A films), and MEH‐PPV/coupling agent MSMA/silica (hybrid B films), in which MSMA is 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate. It was found that the hybrid B films could significantly prevent macrophase separation, as evidenced by scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, the thermal characteristics of the hybrid films were largely improved in comparison with the parent MEH‐PPV. The UV‐visible absorption spectra suggested that the incorporation of MSMA‐modified silica into MEH‐PPV could confine the polymer chain between nanoparticles and thus increase the conjugation length. The photoluminescence (PL) studies also indicated enhancement of the PL intensity and quantum efficiency by incorporating just 2 wt% of MSMA‐modified silica into MEH‐PPV. However, hybrid A films did not show such enhancement of optoelectronic properties as the hybrid B films. The present study suggests the importance of the interface between the luminescent organic polymers and the inorganic silica on morphology and optoelectronic properties. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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40.
Qingzhao Yao Yuming Zhou Yanqing Sun Xiaoyun Ye 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials》2008,18(4):477-484
TiO2 hybrid molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) for ethofumesate using methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer and silane
coupling agent 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate (KH570) as organic–inorganic connective bridge was synthesized via photo-excitation
method. Hydrogen bond was proved to act between MAA and ethofumesate for pre- and post-polymerization binding properties as
testified by UV spectrometric method. KH570 modified TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via sonochemical reaction, which can accelerate hydrolysis, increase collision chance for the
reactive system and improve the dispersion of the nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron
microscope (TEM), binding and the adsorption kinetics experiments as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed
for characterization. The results indicated that the hybrid MIP revealed a larger surface area and more ordered imprinting
cavities with improved thermal stability compared to organic-only MIP. Furthermore, faster adsorption kinetics and enhancive
adsorption capacity were achieved, which made it promising in chemical sensor applications. 相似文献