污水厂污泥制备吸附剂及其脱硫机理研究

以城市和石化污水厂生化活性污泥及剩余污泥为原料,采用不同方法制备烟气脱硫吸附剂,对影响产物吸附性能的因素进行了研究。结果表明城市污水厂剩余污泥利用热解炭化法制备的吸附剂脱硫性能较好,其吸附过程可用Freundlich模型来描述,SO2-O2-N2体系吸附机理主要为物理吸附,SO2-O2-H2O(g)-N2体系SO2发生了催化氧化,以化学吸附为主。     

常温微量氯气吸附剂的制备及其性能研究

本实验用一次等量浸渍法制备氯气吸附剂,通过分光光度法测定进出口的微量Cl2并重点分析了影响氯气吸附剂性能的一些评价参数,对于改进测定方法,准确测定微量氯气,提高Cl2吸附剂的净化性能都具有十分重要的意义。     

水淬渣-累托石颗粒材料的制备及除铜性能研究

研究了水淬渣-累托石颗粒吸附剂制备的工艺条件及其对铜冶炼废水中铜离子的去除。实验结果表明:水淬渣与累托石的比例为1︰1,另加入10%的添加剂(工业淀粉)和50%的水,焙烧温度为400℃时,制成的颗粒吸附剂不仅吸附效果最佳,而且其散失率较低。在不需要调节铜冶炼废水pH的条件下,吸附剂用量为0.03 g/mL,作用时间为30 min,温度为25℃,铜的去除率达97.80%,处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级标准,相对于其它处理方法,具有工艺简单、处理效果好等优势,因而具有良好的应用前景。     

The role of clay network on macromolecular chain mobility and relaxation in isotactic polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites

It is well known that a so-called “three-dimensional filler network structure” will be constructed in the polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites when the content of layered clay reaches a threshold value, at which the silicate sheets are incapable of freely rotating, due to physical jamming and connecting of the nanodispersed layered silicate. In this article, the effect of such clay network on the mobility and relaxation of macromolecular chains in isotactic polypropylene(iPP)/organoclay nanocomposites was investigated in detail with a combination of DMTA, DSC, TGA, TEM, rheometry and melt flow index measurements. The main aim is to establish a relationship between the mesoscopic filler network structure and the macroscopic properties of the polymer nanocomposites, particularly to explore the role of the clay network on the mobility and relaxation of macromolecular chains. It was found that the nanodispersed clay tactoids and layers play less important or dominant roles on the mobility of iPP chains depending on the formation of percolating filler network. The turning point of macroscopic properties appeared at 1 wt% organoclay content. Before this point, the effect of organoclay can be negligible, and the increase of chain mobility was ascribed to the decrease of molecular weight of polymer chains, as commonly occurs during dynamic melt processing; after this point, however, a reduced mobility of chains and a retarded chain relaxation were observed and attributed to the formation of a mesoscopic filler network. The essential features of such a mesoscopic organoclay network were estimated and discussed on the basis of stress relaxation and structural reversion measurements. A schematic model was proposed to describe the different relaxation and motion behaviors of macromolecular chains in the unfilled polymer and the filled hybrids with partial and percolated organoclay networks, respectively.     

聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍了聚合物基纳米复合材料的种类及制备方法，详细介绍了聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究，包括聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的种类、性能及研究的新进展。     

Novel electrically conductive and ferromagnetic composites of poly(aniline‐co‐aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid) with iron oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis and characterization

Nanocomposites of iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) with a sulfonated polyaniline, poly(aniline‐co‐aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid) [SPAN(ANSA)], were synthesized through chemical oxidative copolymerization of aniline and 5‐amino‐2‐naphthalenesulfonic acid/1‐amino‐5‐naphthalenesulfonic acid in the presence of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The nanocomposites [Fe₃O₄/SPAN(ANSA)‐NCs] were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, UV–visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), superconductor quantum interference device (SQUID), and electrical conductivity measurements. The TEM images reveal that nanocrystalline Fe₃O₄ particles were homogeneously incorporated within the polymer matrix with the sizes in the range of 10–15 nm. XRD pattern reveals that pure Fe₃O₄ particles are having spinel structure, and nanocomposites are more crystalline in comparison to pristine polymers. Differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves obtained through TGA informs that polymer chains in the composites have better thermal stability than that of the pristine copolymers. FTIR spectra provide information on the structure of the composites. The conductivity of the nanocomposites (～ 0.5 S cm^?1) is higher than that of pristine PANI (～ 10^?3 S cm^?1). The charge transport behavior of the composites is explained through temperature difference of conductivity. The temperature dependence of conductivity fits with the quasi‐1D variable range hopping (quasi‐1D VRH) model. SQUID analysis reveals that the composites show ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. The maximum saturation magnetization of the composite is 9.7 emu g^?1. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

新型菌丝体包覆吸附剂的制备及对Ni2+离子吸附性能的研究

以菌丝体为核心材料 ,在其表面包覆壳聚糖膜作为吸附介质 ,制备成新型菌丝体包覆吸附剂。系统研究了菌丝体包覆吸附剂的制备工艺及吸附剂对Ni2 + 的吸附特性 ,结果表明 ,菌丝体作核心材料优于花生壳 ,菌丝体包覆吸附剂对Ni2 + 的吸附容量比普通菌丝体水处理剂提高了 50 % ,并可以重复使用 1 0次 ,吸附容量没有明显降低 ;同时菌丝体包覆吸附剂对Ni2 + 的吸附特性较好地符合Langmuir等温方程和Freundlich等温方程     

纤维状海泡石对环氧树脂反应性的影响研究

使用海泡石制备环氧树脂纳米复合材料。采用胶化时间、热分析方法、红外光谱法研究纤维状海泡石对环氧树脂反应性的影响。用透射电镜观察海泡石的分散情况,通过力学性能的测试,研究海泡石对环氧树脂基体力学性能的影响。结果表明,海泡石对环氧树脂的工艺性没有影响,可使环氧树脂的力学性能大幅度提高。     

聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料的插层/解离和结晶行为研究近展

从聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料的相态结构、影响粘土插层解离和聚合物结晶行为的因素等方面对聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料的研究近况进行了综述。     

甘蔗渣对染料废水的吸附试验研究

利用甘蔗渣对3种染料废水进行了吸附脱色试验研究。结果表明,温度对吸附效率影响最小;pH值对亮蓝染料废水脱色效率有影响;3种染料废水吸附饱和时间均为1h,在常温20℃,pH值为7,吸附时间为1h,蔗渣投加量为10g/L的条件下,蔗渣对亮黄、亮红和亮蓝染料废水的脱色率分别达到80%、60%和30%。与传统吸附剂(活性炭)比较,甘蔗渣吸附效率较低,但其处理成本远低于活性炭,如能采用固体发酵处理吸附饱和的蔗渣,可解决二次污染问题并生产经济副产品。