CO2/H2S对油气管材的腐蚀规律

本文综述了CO2、H2S对油气管材的腐蚀机理及影响因素,提出了开发经济型油管的设想.     

Structure and blood compatibility of tetrahedral amorphous hydrogenated carbon formed by a magnetic-field-filter plasma stream

Tetrahedral amorphous hydrogenated carbon (ta-C:H) films with various substrate bias voltages were prepared using a magnetic-field-filter plasma stream deposition system. The microstructural and optical properties were studied using ellipsometric spectra. The refractive index n of each sample was obtained by simulating their ellipsometric spectral using Tauc-Lorentz oscillator model, and then the relative sp³ C ratio of each sample was calculated using Bruggeman effective medium approximation. The sp³ C fraction of each sample was quantified by using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The blood compatibility of the samples was evaluated by tests of platelet adhesion, kinetic clotting time and thrombin time. The quantity and morphology of the adherent platelets on the surface of these samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the spectroscopic ellipsometry is a helpful method to evaluate the sp³ carbon fraction of the carbon films. The substrate bias voltage has an obvious effect on sp³ content and blood compatibility of ta-C:H films. The sample prepared with substrate bias voltage of − 20 V showed the best blood compatibility. A simple bio-physical hypothetical model was proposed to explain the experiment results.     

矿山磨光球用钢XK5159H的生产试制

XK5159H钢连铸连轧棒材用于制造矿山磨光球，对于钢的纯净度、低倍组织、探伤结果及DI值等均有严格的要求，很难控制。我们通过制定内控化学成分及合理的工艺路线，使生产试制一次成功。     

Analysis of Intermetallic Phases Formed on Surface Vapor Oxidized H13 Hot Work Steels in Molten Aluminum

In this paper, the author dipped surface vapor oxidized H13 steel specimens into 700℃ molten aluminum liquid for a certain period of time. Analyze the intermetallic phases formed on the H13 samples surface with optical microscope and X-ray diffraction method. The observation of immersion test sample's cross-section shows that Fe3O4 film will protect die substrate from molten aluminum erosion. The identification of the intermetallic phases reveals that they consist of 2parts, which is named as the composite layer and the compact layer. Further investigations are made in order to know the phase constituents of the 2 layers, they are Al8Fe2Si (outer composite layer), (AlCuMg) and Al5Fe2 (compact layer),respectively. The experimental results show that on the same specimen, a convex surface with bigger radius of curvature is more likely to be molten and the melting loss speed is also faster than a flat and smooth surface. The thickness of compact layer on a smooth surface is much bigger than that of the convex surface. Therefore, the author supposes the compact layer is favorable in stabilizing the die surface material from further melting loss, as their formation on the die surface, the melting loss speed will decrease.     

Synthesis and Physical Properties of EOE and EEO,Triacylglycerols Containing Elaidic and Oleic Fatty Acids

Symmetrical and non-symmetrical triacylglycerols (TAG) containing oleic (O; 9c-18:1) and elaidic (E; 9t-18:1) acids were required as part of a study relating the physical characteristics and functionality of trans-containing TAG with the mouth feel, taste characteristics and related characteristics desired by consumers in frying oils and pastries. To replace the trans isomers in frying oils—a significant part of frying oils prepared by partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils—without loss of the sensory properties desired by consumers, required the initiation of a study relating the structure of trans-containing TAG with such characteristics as melting range, drop points, and other crystalline properties. Elaidic acid was esterified to trielaidin (EEE), and the EEE partially converted (glycerol/p-toluenesulfonic acid) to a mixture containing ca. 40% DAG (the 1,3- and 1,2-isomers). The DAG fraction was separated by silica gel chromatography, the 1,3-dielaidylglycerol (1,3EE-DAG) isomer isolated (structural purity >99%) by crystallization from acetone and esterified with oleic acid (O) to yield EOE. The 1(3)O-MAG was purchased commercially and esterified with E acid to prepare OEE. Both syntheses yielded multi-gram quantities of EOE and EEO, in 80–85% yields, and with structural purities >99%. Thus, by careful selection of the thermodynamically more-stable MAG or DAG precursors, the symmetrical EOE and non-symmetrical EEO isomers could be readily synthesized, and their drop point and melting point values determined. The 1- and 3- positions on the glycerol backbone of the MAG, DAG and TAG molecules are assumed to be equivalent.     

7-氨基-6-氰基-5-(3-硝基苯基)吡喃并嘧啶-2,4-二酮的合成

报道了常温、超声辐射、水中、无催化剂条件下，以3-硝基苯甲醛、丙二腈和巴比妥酸为原料合成标题化合物的方法。考察了超声技术、反应时间及反应温度对反应的影响。最佳反应条件为：室温、超声辐射2h，收率为86．2％。     

纳米Fe2O3的制备与气敏性质的研究

报道了纳米氧化铁的制备工艺，采用沉淀法、溶胶凝胶法制备了纳米α-Fe2O3、γ-Fe2O3粉体，用热重－差热分析（TG－DTA）、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）和二次粒度分布对粒子进行表征，并制作了气体敏感元件。讨论了纳米氧化铁的制备工艺对气敏性质的影响。     

氯化铜脱除硫化氢气体制硫磺研究

A novel technology of removing H2S with cupric chloride solution was developed in this paper. Cupric as the form of CuS deposition, the CuS produced was then oxidized by excessive cupric ion in another reactor meanwhile cupric ion that has been consumed can be recovered by the oxidization of CuCl2- with oxygen in air,and the solution can be circulated. Moreover, the leaching kinetics of CuS by cupric ion was studied. The removal efficiency of H2S is close to 100%, and the required operating condition is mild. Compared with other wet oxidization methods, no raw material is consumed except O2 in air, the process has no secondary pollution and no problem of degradation and scale, and the absorbent is much stable and reliable.     

SULFUR RECOVERY WITH REDUCED EMISSIONS, LOW CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND HYDROGEN CO-PRODUCTION

The main disadvantage of the Claus process is that by introducing air as oxidant a large volume of tail gas is produced. This must be treated to reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur-containing gases. The costs of the tail-gas unit are a significant fraction of the total capital and operating costs for sulfur recovery. A new process uses thermal decomposition of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of carbon dioxide instead of air oxidation. The products of this reaction are hydrogen, carbon monoxide, elemental sulfur, water vapor and carbonyl sulfide. Carbonyl sulfide is easily converted to H₂S and C0₂ by liquid- or vapor-phase hydrolysis. Unreacted H₂S and C0₂ are recovered by absorption and recycled to the reactor. Since no air is introduced, there is no tail gas and the tail-gas unit is eliminated, giving a substantial reduction in capital investment. The concentrations of sulfur-containing gases in the product streams depend only on the operation of the absorber and stripper units and can be controlled to very low levels by increasing stripper boil-up. Process operating costs depend on the level of sulfur recovery required and can also be much lower than those of the modified Claus Process.

The process chemistry depends on a shift in the equilibrium of H₂S decomposition caused by reaction of hydrogen with C0₂ by the reverse of the water-gas-shift reaction. Catalysts for this chemistry have been identified. Reactor conversion is further improved by rapid cooling of the reactor effluent gas. Other aspects of process design and operation confer further advantages with respect to the Claus process; however, the process equipment used is similar to that used in a Claus plant. Retrofit of existing plant to the new technology can therefore be considered.     

国外过氧化氢在化学合成中应用研究进展

介绍了近期国外过氧化氢在部分化学品合成中应用研究新进展 ,产品包括过碳酸钠、过碳酰胺、4Na2 SO4·2H2 O2 ·NaCl加合物、叔胺氧化物、水合肼、二羟基苯、季铵盐过氧化氢和甲乙酮肟。内容涉及产品质量 (纯度、安定性、溶解速率、外观等 )、产品收率、催化剂、工艺过程等方面改进。主要介绍专利技术。