The distribution of anthocyanins in grape skin extracts of port wine cultivars as determined by high performance liquid chromatography

The distribution of anthocyanins in methanolic skin extracts of 16 grape cultivars used for port wine production and grown at five sites in the Douro Valley in Northern Portugal has been assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results are confined to the seven most readily separated and identified anthocyanins and are expressed as percentages of their total (88–99% of the total integrated area). Anthocyanins based on malvidin (Mv) predominated. Of these, Mv 3-glucoside was the major pigment (33–60%), being exceeded by Mv 3-p-coumarylglucoside (2–51%) in only two cultivars; Mv 3-acetylglucoside (1–15%) was consistently the lowest. Peonidin 3-glucoside (1–27%) was prominent in four cultivars, but delphinidin 3-glucoside (1–11%), petunidin 3-glucoside (2–11%) and cyanidin 3-glucoside (trace-6%) were of low proportions throughout. The ratio Mv 3-acetylglucoside/total Mv glucosides appeared characteristic of cultivar, independent of site, and a useful aid to identification of grape cultivars. The coloured pulp of some cultivars contained peonidin 3-glucoside as a major component, present in greater proportions than in the skin; the percentage of Mv 3-p-coumarylglucoside was lower in pulp than in skin. The identities of six of the seven anthocyanins were confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and the structures of the Mv derivatives were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. The formation of formyl and acetyl anthocyanin artefacts is described.     

帧异或视频加密算法

提出一种针对H.264标准的新型视频加密算法,弥补了选择性加密压缩比变化及熵编码加密编码器不通用的问题。该算法将由密钥决定的一帧图像的细节与背景分别异或在原始图像帧的对应位置,生成视觉重叠图像以达到加密目的。实验结果表明,算法能够有效控制压缩率变化并可作为通用插件植入H.264编解码器中,适应于视频实时通信场合的需求。     

河套盆地晚更新世以来黄河改道对高砷地下水分布的控制机制

针对河套盆地开展了历时多年的水文地质环境地质调查,利用采集的298组浅层地下水样品以及收集并甄选的382个水文地质钻孔记录分析发现:河套盆地内95%的高砷地下水(As质量浓度10μg/L)集中在黄河决口、改道形成的古河道影响带及黄河决口扇裙带。其中,盆地南部首次发现了较为集中的高砷地下水,其分布范围与黄河北岸的晚更新世以来黄河决口、改道形成的4个大型决口扇,在空间上有着良好的对应关系。黄河古河道带及决口扇裙带表现为较强的还原环境及蒸发浓缩作用以及较弱的地表水补给强度。受pH值、含铁氧化物的还原性溶解等因素影响,决口扇裙带浅层地下水中砷的含量略低于平原中部黄河古河道带。结果表明:黄河古河道带及决口扇裙带特定的沉积环境控制着地下水的水文地球化学过程,进而对高砷地下水的分布具有决定性的作用。     

基于SOPC的网络视频监控系统的设计

提出一种以Nios Ⅱ软核处理器为核心,利用SOPC技术构建硬件平台,采用H.263协议压缩视频数据的网络视频监控系统设计方案;详细分析了系统的功能需求,确定了系统设计的总体方案;按照模块化的思想,设计了各个功能模块,并给出了网络芯片DM9000A电路的具体实现,利用μClinux中的TCP/IP协议栈进行数据通信,分析H.263视频编码协议基本原理,提出在硬件上实现H.263协议的设计方法;实验结果显示系统的网络视频传输速率达到25～30fps,满足实时性的要求.本设计方法灵活、成本较低、易扩展,具有一定的实用价值.     

Do the Kallikaks look "menacing" or "retarded?"

To extend R. E. Fancher's (see record 1987-31600-001) review of claims that photographs of the Kallikak family in H. H. Goddard's (1912) study had been retouched to make them look more menacing and retarded, 29 Ss (aged 18–69 yrs) were surveyed for their impressions of the photographs. Overall, Ss were strongly inclined to view the photographed individuals as "kind" and "very bright." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

More on Goddard and the Kallikak family photographs.

Discusses retouching of the Kallikak family photographs in H. H. Goddard's (1912) study of mental retardation and heredity, with reference to analyses by R. E. Fancher (see record 1987-31600-001) and S. J. Gould (1981), and concurs with Fancher that the retouching was probably not done for deceitful purposes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于运动信息自适应的快速运动估计算法

UMHexagonS是H.264视频编码标准中所采用的快速整像素运动估计算法,但在许多实时场景的应用中,该算法还明显存在搜索点数过多、搜索速度较慢的缺憾,急需进一步的改进和优化。在UMHexagonS算法的基础上,提出一种基于运动信息自适应的快速运动估计算法。使用动态搜索窗为不同尺寸的块自适应地分配预测搜索窗;根据当前块的运动剧烈程度选择运动类型自适应的搜索方案;通过分析实际运动序列水平、垂直方向的偏向特性依次采用带方向的十字型搜索和自适应的矩形—菱形搜索;利用预测运动矢量的方向信息采用自适应的多层次八边形区域搜索;并依据块的尺寸大小采用自适应的六边形搜索。实验结果表明,本文算法相比于UMHexagonS算法而言,图像的峰值信噪比(PSNR)平均提高了0.0125 dB,同时运动估计时间减少了13%32%,其场景自适应能力和实时性能都得到了很大的增强。     

NH4SCN从ROH-CTMAB-C12H26载金有机相中反萃金

研究了硫氰酸铵（NH4SCN）从混合醇（ROH）－十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）－正十二烷（C12H26）载金有机相中反萃金，考察了平衡时间，PH值，反萃剂浓度，温度等因素对反萃率的影响及有机相的循环使用，绘制了反萃等温曲线，结果表明，NH4SCN对金具有较高反萃率，可顺利实现金的反萃。     

Increased Histone Acetylation and Decreased Expression of Specific Histone Deacetylases in Ultraviolet-Irradiated and Intrinsically Aged Human Skin In Vivo

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are conserved enzymes that remove acetyl groups from lysine side chains in histones and other proteins and play a crucial role in epigenetic regulation. Previously, we showed that histone acetylation is implicated in ultraviolet (UV)-induced inflammation and matrix impairment. To elucidate the histone acetylation status and specific HDACs involved in skin aging, we examined the changes in histone acetylation, global HDAC activity, and the expression of HDACs and sirtuins (SIRTs) in intrinsically aged and photoaged human skin as well as in UV-irradiated human skin in vivo. Following acute UV irradiation, the acetylated histone H3 (AcH3) level was increased, but HDAC activity and the expression levels of HDAC4, HDAC11, and SIRT4 were significantly decreased. In intrinsically aged skin, AcH3 levels were increased, but HDAC activity and the expression levels of HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC10, HDAC11, SIRT6, and SIRT7 were significantly decreased. However, histone acetylation and HDAC expression in photoaged skin were not significantly different from those in intrinsically aged skin. Collectively, HDAC4 and HDAC11 were decreased in both UV-irradiated and intrinsically aged skin, suggesting that they may play a universal role in increased histone acetylation associated with skin aging.